Ethics in Group Counseling Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethics in Group Counseling - Article Example Ultimately the paper aimed to provide a kind of resource for practitioners interested in implementing group counseling in the school. As a starting point the paper illustrated that family issues are an important topic for group counseling insofar as many children learn aggressive behavior in their home. Moreover the paper postulated that parental abuse also is an important area of focus because substance abuse issues are a serious problem in the home and substance abuse often leads to physical abuse. The article then provided an overview of group counseling. Group interventions can be quite helpful but the question is what format should be utilized. Three main group types were outlined. Education/guidance groups may address social skills issues, Counseling Groups are target towards children with developmental challenges, and therapy groups are used for more severe issues. Group counseling formats incorporate four stages (Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing & Adjourning) which are directed towards first establishing a relationship, establishing boundaries, addressing basic rules, developing increased responsibility and recognizing unrecognized issues. The next major section of the paper involves legal & ethical consideration for schools on a definition basis. The paper defined consent, which is permission to participate in counseling (typically from parents). The paper then defined confidentiality which is the legal obligation not to disclose information surrounding treatment. Breaching confidentiality was covered insofar as confidentiality must be broken when a student poses a risk. Special consideration should be given to how groups are selected & formed. Next special consideration was given for which topics should be considered in groups. Lastly the paper covered details around adequate notification, dangerous behavior parental disclosure, dual relationships and counseling notes, Ethical risks and professional

Answer the questions of my exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Answer the questions of my exam - Assignment Example The initial step in this process is attaining of required information, which is the work of the brain acting as hardware to input data. To input data, brain ought to recognize it, which is the â€Å"perception† stage, aimed at ascertaining the type of information. Then the brain interprets data based on its intended purpose or goal before producing encoding signal meant to store information short or long-term memory. In the â€Å"Goal† compartment, information is already stored depending on its purpose whereby before proceeding to the â€Å"Intention Formation† stage to receive clear definition of purpose. Mainly, this stage is the initial step of information refining process supposed to ensure the required information goes to the effecting of the set task, which is at â€Å"Action specification† stage. â€Å"Execution† stage is merely humanity’s body that assumes all actions, which the brain has processed and formatted as required with the i ntention of fulfilling a certain purpose. B. How does the concept of "attention" limit our performance when interacting with systems? Attention based on one’s settings varies considerably either by limiting or contributing in augmenting our performances. However, in most cases especially when interacting with systems, attention proves to be a detrimental aspect that degrades the expected performance. This is because of numerous distractions an individual experiences characterizing varied settings one inhabits. Most distractions evidenced that interrupt one’s performance encompass radio’s on going conversation that prompts an individual to have a divided attention and fail in what he or she is doing. Since, while tackling a task and interacting with the system, an individual tends to focus on what the radio programme is trying to communicate to its listeners. Consequently, this reduces one’s attention making them fail to be actively involved in their prese nt task. C. Explain why we need to understand how Human information processing (HIP) works and how psychological models help us to do this? First, is to understand how human mental processes function with the intention of utilizing them effectively in attaining our intended goals. Since, one will be in a position to augment his or her performance by focusing on one aspect at a time compared to when he or she has numerous tasks and is multitasking. It also aids in shunning errors that may lead to poor performances caused by human behaviours, which when one has not studied them is extremely difficult to understand, for instance, skill-based behaviours (over habitual slips). D. Why is this theory different from earlier models/ theories that assume linear processing (e.g MHP)? What does current research say? The current method compares mental processes with that of computer, whereby in each section there are other extremely complex activities. Mainly, these activities or processes condi tion information in such a way to achieve the final intended goal. E. What cognitive strategies do we use that may enhance our performance when interaction with system? The include; Skill-based Rules-based Knowledge-based F. Illustrate the components of HIP systems and explain how they work using the Simplex One model? Information/Words- This represents materials or data which brain attains from the world. Perception- It is an initial step, whereby brain

Proposal for a National Bank Essay Example for Free

Proposal for a National Bank Essay Before Alexanders proposal for a National Bank, the United States had no place where to store and save their money. The country didnt have a stable economy and needed improvemt in handling the financial business of the United States. By establishing a national bank, the country woould be able to establish financial order, clarity and precedence in and of the newly formed Unted States. It will also establish credidt, both in country and overseas, for the new nation. And finally it was to resolve the issue of the flat currency, which was issued by the Continental congress immediatley prior to and during the United States Revolutionary War. Although he saw a good future with having a National Bank, Jefferson disagreed completly. The secretary of StateThomas Jefferson and Representative James Madison we opposed, in which they claimed that the bank was unconstitutional, and that it only benefited merchants and investores at the expense of the majority of the population. Like most Southern members of Congress, they believed that it would only benefit business interest in the commercial north, not the southern agricultural interest. Also they stated that the creation of a bank violated the Constitution, which specifically stated that the congress was to regulate weights and measures and issue coined money, instead of bills of credit. A strict interpretation of the constitution states that the government those powers specifically granted to it by the Constitution, and a loose interpretation of the constitution positis that the government powers that are not specifically denied to it by the constituion. Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the constitution while Alexander Hamilton believed in a loose interpretation of the constitution. The chartering of the First Bank of the United States by the U.S Congress was indeed constitional since it depends on how you interpreate the Constitution. Hamiltons propostition is to create a national bank for the well being of the conutry. He states that in the constitution that they can tax the people and the safest place to put the money they collect is in a bank and in which they are able to take out from. (Doc.A Art l, Sect Vlll, para.18) Also he disliked or disagreeded with the idea of only a specific party can chose the idea for a bank for them and believes that the federal government should be supreme over state government.(Doc.B) There are many adavntages of having a national bank. Some advantages if having a bank is government can loan money to people,they can take money from the bank to use for emergancies and they can store their money as well as the advantage that they can print money.(Doc.D) Congress can chose any means not specifically prohibited by the constitution to achieve a constitution end. If the end is constitution and the means is not unconstitutional then the means is also constitutional. (Doc.F)Hamiltons had a clear idea of how he saw the country after having a national bank and saw the future of the country in a capable stand. In the other hand, Thomas Jefferson had acomplete view of how the country might fall into complee disaster if he allows a national bank. He states that he would accepted the idea of a bank but the problem is that he only wants to have gold and silver as coins to pay with but not other types of moniatry. He also says that it is not in the constitutiton that the federalist can create banks so he says that only the state can He also states that it shold be up to the people to decide if they want a bank or not.(Doc.A Art.l, Sec.X, para.l) As well as this he believes that it shows that they are giving all nthe power to someone if they create a bank, that it will ruin state government and that he has the support of the South and West since they are as well farmers. He believes that the North has factories so they had to ask loans from the bank. Also Jefferson feared that the bank would give loans to the merchants in the North instead of giving it to the farmers. (Doc.C) He views that the manufactures might make banking as a business and take adavntage of th famers and lower classess(Doc. E) This does not only worried Thomas Jefferson but James Madison as well. He is really worried about that it will interfer with state bank. As well believes that if the farmers need money, they might not be able to get that help(Doc.G). Both Believe that this change in the country will hurt the greatly and they dont want to be regreating later on when there might not be a possible to change it or even fix it a little. The reason why the chartering of the First Bank of the United States by the U.S Congress was constitutional is beacause it is just pure common sense to have a secure place to keep and hold their money. They couldnt just keep hiding their money under there beds or even in pots since everyone did it in the same place, roberes would know exactly where it is. It is nescecary to have a bank so they ahve a place where to keep it. Also the idea that the federal government is supreme over the state government is key. I agree with the idea of creating a national bank but i believe that it should be up to the poeple if they would like to have one or not. They are they ones who will be living it day by day and with either take adavantage or miss the opprtunity of a life time. Althought Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed in many occasions and for many reasons, both were looking in to the well being of the country and thats what counts the most. Not only because either of them say so but because in the constitution it states The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. This e=means that it should be up to the state ot people to decide so what better way than to have the people decide if wheter or not they believe they should have on. Their opinon is what counts the most since it is stated in the Constitution, Freedom of Speach.

Object Oriented Development Technology

Object Oriented Development Technology In view of Johnson (2014) information as the word suggests is a collection of data which has different meaning in different contexts. When information is said to be good is when it adheres to certain qualities and it is relevant. There are certain characteristics associated to information which makes it good. Some of the important ones being that the information has to be complete, relevant, understandable and timely provided in detail. In the context of Holipets Pet Care Service the main characteristics of good information would be that the information has to be Accurate, Complete and Timely. According to Watsell (2014) the information provided should be accurate to both the context and to the subject. In context of Holipets Pet Care service which is a small pet care service for cats and dogs, the information collected from the customers and also information provided to them should be accurate. It should not have any kind of errors regarding the pet details, customer details, pet medication details etc. The service firm also offers different kinds of services like boarding of pets, medication, home visits, collect pets from home and on time delivery requests. Information based on these services also should be accurate and clear (Blair, 2003). Lets try to explain how accurate information would benefit the business in view of the different services Holipets pet care provides Accurate information about the medicines and care that need to be administered for a pet. It should be clear and free from bias. Clear information regarding the background checks for the staff would ens ure that they could be trusted with the customers and their pets. Keeping accurate records regarding the availability of kennels and cattery would ensure that they should not take commitments that cannot be fulfilled. This also would help them in making sure that they are not under booked or over booked. When the information provided to the customers is not accurate, it would lose the confidence of customers about the organization and thus negatively affect the business. According to Brooks (2008) complete and detailed information ensures that the customer queries are well explained. Information is considered to be complete if it is based on a complete data. The facts and figures of information should not be concealed. Detailed information about the pet feeding time, prescribed medicines etc would ensure that pets are taken care without any issues. A detailed log about the staff availability, booking details, cancellation etc would help us in providing better service to our customers. When providing information to the customers the service center employee should be able to explain in detail so that the customer understands and they process the data themselves which might end up in taking assumptions. This would adversely affect the business. According to Checkland Hotwell (2005) Information that is from a correct period is known as timely information. It is vital to effective decision making for customers. In context of Holipets pet care service, they record all the details manually in a diary. Daily or weekly status reports have to send to customers explaining feeding time, medication and other activities. If there is any delay occurred in any customized report requested by the customer, it will create a bad impression about the firm. The service also have to maintain all the activities like pet information, day to day activities, banking details, list of unpaid customers, booking details everything in a timely manner. Because there is a chance to occur the change in date of booking, cancellation of booking, customer needs more than one kennel or cattery, change in home visit etc. All the information should be recorded well and ready to produce data on time so that it is as up to date as required, provided when require d and provided as often required. According to Sanders (2010) Object Oriented Development Technology offers a better way for developing software systems. Compared to other non-OO programming languages analysis and design methods like Procedural Programming or functional programming, Object oriented development easily develop a software using self contained modules. According to Welie, (2009) in object oriented development we identify objects as things, properties of things and actions they perform. We build models based on this abstraction and these models are used to represent the real world objects. The Real World aspect of OO is often over-stated and over-simplified. OO programmers build software using these abstract objects. It help them to design their software from more complete OO specifications and the object thinking enables these system specifications to be expressed in terms of objects. Traditional approaches for developing software are more difficult in many cases, so to support these needs we use object oriented (OO) approaches. The underlying concepts of object orientation give it a distinct advantage in managing complexity, promoting reuse, and reducing the effort required for maintenance. In the case of Holipet pet care service, object oriented approach make the system more reliable, relevant and accurate. Object oriented approach supports abstraction at the object level. Since objects encapsulate both data (attributes) functions (methods), they work at a higher level of abstraction. This makes designing, coding, testing maintaining the system much simpler. According to Henninger (2000) Object oriented systems development is a way to develop software by building self contained modules or objects that can be easily replaced, modified and reused. In Holipets pet care service, the cat and dog are considered as objects. Their name, breed, height etc. are the attributes and the actions like feeding, medication, activities are the functions. If we approach in this way, the designing of the software system will be simpler and more robust. In an object-oriented environment, software is a collection of discrete objects (dogs, cats, staff, and customer) that encapsulate their data as well as the functionality of model real world events. In object oriented development, a class is collection of objects which has attributes and functions. It defines what a class can do and how it does. Here cat and dog object comes under the class pet which is having some common attributes like name, breed, height and weight which is common to both of the objects. T he functions of class include feeding, medication, activities etc. Some of the advantages given for the use of object oriented development are: Re-use of existing designs and code, Faster development and More Robustness Holipets pet care service currently doing all the works manually like booking, accounting, staff management etc. As per object technology if we automate the firm, we consider everything as objects. So the development of the system software will be faster and easier. We can reuse the same code for future development. The system will be faster and robust. Chance of getting error is very less compared to manual system. Maintenance of the system also will be easy. According to Veerman (2009) OO analysis must decide how the objects might relate to each other and what role each object play. The objects role defines it responsibilities what it must do and what it must know in order to achieve its responsibilities. In object-oriented analysis, we must decide: What each kind of object must do, What each kind of object must know and How each kind of object relates to other kinds of objects. Object-oriented design takes the analysis models and looks more closely at how the objects and their relationships might be re-shaped and extended to make them better suited to implementation. In Holipet pet care service, the designer will also try to make objects as reusable as possible on future developments. While designing the software maximum reusability of the modules also considered for example designing a common class pet that we can use for both dog and cat. Same way the class cage can use for both kennel and cattery. According to Harrison et al., (2007) OO uses the models emerging from analysis as the basis for creating the detailed system design. Before designing a system, a detailed analysis of all the requirements can be done. The analysis models provide the ideal, logical view of the system, taking account of the constraints imposed by the technology. In Holipet pet care service, a detailed analysis is needed to identify the work flow of the current system. This close relationship between analysis and design brings several benefits, the maintenance will be easier and there will be a close relationship between design architecture and domain requirements. Objects and Classes are the basic building blocks of object oriented design. Objects are instance of a class. Objects can be any kind of things during system development. It may be physical or tangible thing found in real world domain. Objects share common features. In Holipets system object can be dog, cat, customer, staff etc. Collection of objects is known as class with similar properties (attributes) and common behavior (function). Class pet in Holipets pet care service contains dog and cat as objects. They share some common properties like name, breed, height, weight and common operations like feeding, activities, medications etc. According to Wright (2001) Iterative development is a method of breaking down the software development of a large application into smaller parts. In iterative development feature code is designed, developed and tested in repeated cycles. As iterations are completed the team can review the product with different stakeholders like the customers and the management to get early feedbacks. This would help the team to test their product for customer acceptance very early in the development cycle. This will also ensure that the developed product is what the customer actually needs. Figure Iterative Model Source: (Granard, 2011) Â   Â   According to Johnson (2016) Iterative development is best defined in terms of its processes that allows for dynamic development rather than any single defined method or approach. Some of the commonly used iterative methodologies are Agile, Dynamic system development method (DSDM), Extreme programming (eXtreme) and scrum. Common features of these iterative methods are: Development is done incrementally over multiple iterations, Iterations include some component of planning, requirement analysis, design, development, testing, documentation and implementation, Software that works is the primary measure of the progress and success and Iterations build upon lessons learned in prior iterations. Among the different iterative development approaches, the one that would be a best fit for Holipets Pet Care Service would be the SCRUM. According to Shoan (2009) Scrum is a framework for iterative product development where the main focus is on teamwork and accountability. The scrum team would work together to achieve a well defined goal. As the scrum teams would be smaller in size and also would be cross functional and preferably in the same office location helps the team to perform better. The team takes wiser decisions on software features as it is a cross functional team. The duration of iterations in scrum is called as the sprint. The ideal sprint duration is of 2 weeks. The team can resolve impediments early on in the process with the help of daily scrum meetings and sprint retrospective meetings. In the context of Holipets pet care service, SCRUM would be the ideal way to implement iterative development. In SCRUM a small set of requirements would be developed by the scrum team in each iteration. Towards the end of sprint, the shippable product is released and the product is also reviewed with different stakeholders which involve the actual end users of the software. The feedbacks obtained from such review meeting would be provide vital information about what the customers, end users feel about the product and also what extra features do they require. These feedbacks are then converted into tasks for the next iterations depending on their priorities. In addition to Scrum process the team would also implement continuous integration builds, unit tests and automated tests which would ensure that the current sprint output integrates well with the past releases thus reducing the time taken for releasing the product to the customer. Source: (Robinson, 2015)Â   According to Robinson (2015) Agile development methodology is a conceptual framework for undertaking any software engineering projects. In general agile methods attempt to minimize risk and maximize productivity by developing software in short iterations and deemphasizing work on interim work artifacts and it is people oriented. There are a number of agile software development methods but the most popular agile methods are Extreme Programming (XP) and Scrum. Scrum process is distinguished from other agile process by specific concepts and practices, divided in to three categories of Roles, Artifacts and Time boxes. Scrum is most often used to manage complex software and product development. Scrum significantly increases productivity and reduces time to benefit relative to classic waterfall models. Scrum prices enable organizations to adjust smoothly to rapid changing requirements and produce a product that meets evolving business goals. An agile scrum process benefits the organization by helping it to Increase the quality of the deliverables, Provide better estimate while spending less time creating them and Be more control of the project schedule and state (Sikander, 2013) In the context of Holipets Pet Care System, SCRUM would be an effective methodology for developing the software. As per scrum only tasks of the highest priority is considered for development. These tasks should also qualify the INVEST criterias. i.e. they should be Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable , Small and Testable. The tasks are developed, tested and integrated in the sprint cycle itself. For the first sprint of Holipets Pet Care System, they should consider tasks which could be developed and tested with 2 weeks of time. These tasks should also be ready for implementation by the end of the 2 week sprint. The tasks should also provide value for their customers and for them. In my opinion such a initial task for Holipets would be to implement a SMS service for booking. Once this is implemented the scrum team can then take input from customers as well as in house staff to identify the next high priority item that would add value to them. The team should also take time to setup continuous integration builds, unit testing and automation testing and should not rely too much on traditional black box testing. This would ensure that the time taken to integrate in production would be less and thus getting early feedbacks from users. The quality of software design might be improved by designers adopting and maintaining a professional attitude to their work. We will explore what characterizes a professional and a community of professionals and whether systems design can fit this model. As per UMKC (2015) if we are to consider software designers as professionals we need to know what characterizes more commonly accepted professionals and their communities. Common characteristics of a professional community are: self-regulatory, shared goals, specific methods for achieving goals, and work to accepted standards. Systems development does not display the same characteristics as these long-established professionals like doctors, lawyers etc. Although it has voluntary codes of conduct and practice managed by its various professional organizations (e.g. British Computing Society) the IT industry is not self regulatory, nor is it extensively regulated by government or statute. Designers face significant challenges in pursuit of professionalism (Greenwood, 2001). Their industry is constantly undergoing growth and change, which is not conducive to close reflection on the ways in which designers carry out their work and to the creation of common standards and a broadly accepted community of practice. For example in Holipets pet care service there are many security concerns in online payment or maintenance of the system as per customer request. However, although the IT industry may not resemble the better understood professions, it has, in its various disciplines and practice areas, begun to define and agree on common methods of working and appropriate standards to achieve and maintain. In this scenario we are using UML. UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems. It is a pictorial language used to make software blue prints (UMK, 2015). According to ESRD (2011) a good software design seeks to provide the best fit of the domain model into clients physical context. The best fit requires finding a balance between the demands of the specified functional requirements of the software, the constraints imposed by the non functional requirements and the overall cost. The outcome from the process is a design specification which allows efficient and cost effective deployment of the software. The key responsibilities of a professional software designer are Produce a design model from the domain model, Consider non functional requirements, Consider physical aspects of the design and Provide design specification for the programmers. In context of Holipets pet care service, the designer produces a specification model from the given requirements. A detailed requirement analysis is needed before making the design model like what services the customer wants from the firm. The firm also needs to consider the non functional requirements. Non functional requirements are comes under quality attributes like quality of service or quality constraints. The designer has to provide all the specification to programmers to develop the software in an effective manner. One of the most critical aspects of this role is working closely with the user community which directly and indirectly affected by the software under development to ensure the software will be usable in a safe, effective manner. The system has to be user-friendly and easy to operate because a surprising number of software applications are not, or only partially, used because users find them impossible or difficult to operate. If we applied the features and characte ristics of widely understood professional communities to software development, we would expect the professional designer, in seeking to achieve a good design, to behave as follows: Take responsibility for the design process, Act with integrity with users and with colleagues in the development team, Be truthful and act with appropriate gratitude to others and Develop professional relationships and use professional codes. Established and emerging professions will have embedded these working standards in what are known as professional codes of practice or conduct. These codes will formally express the expectations and requirements professional organizations make of their members, including clear definitions of what is (and is not) acceptable professional behavior. References Anderson R (2014) Professional behavior accessed from https://www.uvic.ca/engineering/assets/docs/professional-behaviour.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 APhA-ASP/AACP-COD Task Force on Professionalism, White paper on pharmacy student professionalism, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 40, 96- 102(2000). Blair, D. (2003). Information retrieval and the philosophy of language. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 37, 3-50 Brooks, B.C (2008). The foundation of information science. Part I. philosophical aspects. Journal of Information Science, 2(3-4), 125-133. Checkland, P. Hotwell, S. (2005). Information, Systems and Information Systems, Chichester: Jhon Wiley. ESRD (2011) Professionalism at networks accessed from www.esrdnetworks.org/networks/net5/Education/Staff/scmks/net5/Education/Staff/scm _pres/professionalism professionalism.pdf. accessed on 08th March, 2017 Granard B (2011) Iterative Model accessed from http://www.testingexcellence.com/iterative-model/ accessed on 08th March, 2017 Greenwood, E., (2001) Attributes of a profession, Soc. Work, 2(July), 44-55(1957) Harrison, N., Avgeriou, P., Zdun, U. (2007) Architecture Patterns as Mechanisms for Capturing Architectural Decisions. IEEE Software ( September/October 2007). Henninger, S., (2000) A Methodology and Tools for Applying Context-Specific Usability Guidelines to Interface Design. Interacting with Computers,. 12(3):p. 225-243. Johnson B (2014) Characteristics of Good Information accessed from https://btec-itp-resources/view/Characteristics_of_Good_Information.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Johnson R (2016) Iterative model accessed from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/pdf/sdlc_iterative_model.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Lindblom, C. E. (2009): The Science of Muddling Through. In A. Faludi (ed.) 1973: A reader in Planning Theory, Oxford Robinson J (2015) Scrum accessed from http://scrumreferencecard.com/scrum-reference-card/ accessed on 08th March, 2017 Sanders R (2010) Usability accessed from http://is.ls.fi.upm.es/xavier/papers/usability_b.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Shoan R (2009) Metafile accessed from http://www.metla.fi/eu/cost/e19/barstad.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Sikander C (2013) accessed from http://www.cs.ccsu.edu/~stan/classes/cs530/slides/se-17.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 UMKC (2015) Workplace professional behavior accessed from http://www.umkc.edu/starr/Workplace_Professionalism.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Veerman A (2009) Systems Development SRM University accessed from http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/files/system_development.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Watsell D. (2014) Managing by design Systems thinking, accessed from http://www.managingbydesign.net/my_library/systems_thinking.pdf accessed on 08th March, 2017 Welie, M.v. (2009) Breaking Down usability. In IFIP TC.13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Edinburgh, UK: IOS Press Wright J (2001): How Iterative Planning Works: A Flowchart Example. Downloaded from the Internet; http://jwco.com/how_iterative_planning_works.htm

The Devastating Effects of Intolerance :: essays research papers

The Devastating Effects of Intolerance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intolerance is something that everyone has to deal with; It is a nation-wide problem. There are many forms of intolerance and all of them lead to devastation. This is shown throughout history, literature and in personal events. We are the only ones who can stop it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One form of intolerance is religious bigotry. This is clearly illustrated in Elie Wiesel's book called Night. In this novel Elie and his family are put into a Nazi death camp in 1944. The experience was a life changing event for the young Elie. He tragically witnessed the death of his family and loss everything he knew. Elie and his family were only one of the millions affected by the hate of the Germans as it states in the book Night: 'I witnessed other hangings'; (page 60). Millions of peope died because of the hate in some people. Hate can be shown in many other forms too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One form is clearly shown in Wilma Elizabeth McDaniel's short story entitled 'Who Said We all had to Talk Alike?' A woman from the Ozarks named Neffie, applies for a job in California. Neffie is sent back after just one month because she 'added an 'r'; to many words that did not contain that letter.'; This incident was devastating to the children she was caring for because they really liked Neffie and the way that she cooked and told stories. This also made Neffie feel like there was something wrong with her. The children probably lost one of the best baby-sitters. This is just a small example of an act of intolerance that can even have unintended consequences that hurt many people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Devastating intolerance can also be seen in the short story 'Address Unknown'; by Kressman Taylor. An act of religious bigotry and someone's beliefs can become a part of someone else's way of thinking or internalizing one's ideas. The 'Address Unknown'; is about two friends, Max and Martin. Martin is a German in Germany and Max is a Jew in America. Martin is galvanized by Hitler's ways. In short, the two friends become enemies turning against each other. Max's sister,also a Jew, dies because Martin wouldn't help her. Max seeks revenge by sending damaging letters to Martin. The outcome of Martin's family is not stated but it is not very good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helen Bansley was faced with religious intolerance when she wanted to get married in 1949. The Devastating Effects of Intolerance :: essays research papers The Devastating Effects of Intolerance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intolerance is something that everyone has to deal with; It is a nation-wide problem. There are many forms of intolerance and all of them lead to devastation. This is shown throughout history, literature and in personal events. We are the only ones who can stop it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One form of intolerance is religious bigotry. This is clearly illustrated in Elie Wiesel's book called Night. In this novel Elie and his family are put into a Nazi death camp in 1944. The experience was a life changing event for the young Elie. He tragically witnessed the death of his family and loss everything he knew. Elie and his family were only one of the millions affected by the hate of the Germans as it states in the book Night: 'I witnessed other hangings'; (page 60). Millions of peope died because of the hate in some people. Hate can be shown in many other forms too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One form is clearly shown in Wilma Elizabeth McDaniel's short story entitled 'Who Said We all had to Talk Alike?' A woman from the Ozarks named Neffie, applies for a job in California. Neffie is sent back after just one month because she 'added an 'r'; to many words that did not contain that letter.'; This incident was devastating to the children she was caring for because they really liked Neffie and the way that she cooked and told stories. This also made Neffie feel like there was something wrong with her. The children probably lost one of the best baby-sitters. This is just a small example of an act of intolerance that can even have unintended consequences that hurt many people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Devastating intolerance can also be seen in the short story 'Address Unknown'; by Kressman Taylor. An act of religious bigotry and someone's beliefs can become a part of someone else's way of thinking or internalizing one's ideas. The 'Address Unknown'; is about two friends, Max and Martin. Martin is a German in Germany and Max is a Jew in America. Martin is galvanized by Hitler's ways. In short, the two friends become enemies turning against each other. Max's sister,also a Jew, dies because Martin wouldn't help her. Max seeks revenge by sending damaging letters to Martin. The outcome of Martin's family is not stated but it is not very good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helen Bansley was faced with religious intolerance when she wanted to get married in 1949.

Induction of Staff Essay -- Health Care, Nurse Bank Staff

Induction of staff is a vital step undertaken by the administration to ensure that their staffs remain effective in provision of services to consumers. The aim of this research is to analyse how effective induction of nurses is in retaining the nurse bank staff. From the population sample of the nurses and other staff members, the research will seek to address the views of the sample population to understand how effective induction is. Pre test designs The participants that have been selected to serve as a sample are placed in several groups from where they can now be researched on. The researcher is expected to monitor the effect of the new stimuli that has been introduced on the sample groups and how the sample population reacts to it. It is advisable that the sample be chosen at random in order for the results not to be biased. This helps to isolate and nullify any nuisance. Sampling Method To obtain valid data, a sample has to be chosen from the whole population as it is time consuming to handle the whole population. The sample should be comprised of workers and their employers and some patients who have been granted services from the medical institution. In the selection of the population, stratified sampling will be adopted in order for the research to pay attention to a given subgroup hence it is not easy to confuse information (Byrnes, 2008). This division into the given sub population could be done with reference to the area of specialization with reference to their skills and knowledge to obtain their views on induction. Data Collection The key issue here is not on how we collect data but on how to ensure that we obtain data that is useful. The data will therefore help the researcher to obtain a working as... ... effects that appear in the context but it would be advisable if you remain constant in interviewing all respondents. Appropriate tools and measurement devices have to be obtained to ensure reliability and validity. Data Analysis Interviews can be analyzed by the use of observation where researchers note the way respondent answers questions during the interview. Given the fact that the interview is structured it is easier for the researcher to analyze the data using statistical packages like SPSS (Bryman, Hardy & Hard, 2009). The advantage of statistical significance is that samples reflect the realities in a population. The researcher will also have to put the ethical issues into consideration before conducting survey on opinion from nurses. Permission will be also sorted from the PCT regarding data protection and confidentiality (Best & Krierger, 2004).

Reading the Constitution Essay

In their essay, â€Å"How Not to Read the Constitution†, Lawrence Tribe and Michael Dorf describe the ways the Constitution has been interpreted by different people. Tribe and Dorf make it clear that the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted based on what the framers original intent was is not the way to read the Constitution, it takes much more than that. Tribe and Dorf also explain that justices do not interpret the Constitution in a way that would please the readers (the people) on purpose, because if that were so then the authority of the Constitution would â€Å"lose all legitimacy if it really were only a mirror for the readers’ ideals and ideas (p.49).† This means that people have the tendency to interpret the Constitution based on their own beliefs. Also, the justices themselves have their own beliefs and their own interpretations of the Constitution, but they should not come up with a decision based solely on their own opinions. The exact way to read the Constitution is indefinable, therefore in their essay, Tribe and Dorf instead described how not to interpret it and implied that justices should make wise decisions that are not entirely based on their own beliefs, the original intents of the framers made generations ago, or the expectations of the public now. In the case Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, Planned Parenthood was challenging a Pennsylvania law that placed some restrictions on abortion. Many opponents of abortion hoped that the Supreme Court would use the case to strike down the decision made in Roe v. Wade, which states that a state ban on all abortions is unconstitutional. The majority of the court voted not to do so. This is a good case for providing insight into the way justices interpret the constitution and make their decisions. Justice of the Supreme Court Sandra Day O’Connor wrote the majority opinion for the case. The majority voted not to overrule the decision made in Roe v. Wade. O’Connor wrote on behalf of the majority and wrote in the opinion that the main reasons for this decision were based on the principle of stare decisis and the fact that the case’s central ruling is workable for the states and does not come at odds with other precedents. Also, O’Connor wrote that the word â€Å"liberty† from the statement â€Å"no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,† (the Due  Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment) includes a woman’s right to an abortion. Thus, the precedent decision made in the case Roe v. Wade that deals with the rights to and restrictions on abortion still stands. Justices William Rehnquist and Atonin Scalia each wrote dissenting opinions about this case. In Rehnquist’s dissenting opinion, his main point upon which he disagrees with O’Connor is that the right to an abortion is not â€Å"fundamental†. By this statement Rehnquist means that the word â€Å"liberty† in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not encompass the right to an abortion because the right to an abortion is not â€Å"implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.† Thus, he does not agree with the majority opinion. Scalia disagreed with O’Connor and the majority about roughly the same point Rehnquist described in his dissenting opinion. The difference in Scalia’s opinion is that he believes there is no question that the right to an abortion is a liberty, but he states that it is not a liberty that is protected by the Constitution. Out of these three justices, Sandra Day O’Connor would most agree with Tribe and Dorf’s essay about how to read and interpret the Constitution. I believe she would be in agreement with them because unlike Rehnquist and Scalia, it seems that she interpreted the Constitution not by what she thought the framers originally meant, but by what she thought would do some good in the future. She also made it clear in her writing that the decision by the majority was not made based on the justices personal beliefs. She shows this in the majority opinion she wrote, â€Å"†¦the stronger argument is for affirming Roe’s central holding, with whatever degree of personal reluctance any of us may have, not for overruling it.†