How do you as a modern reader, respond to Austen’s presentation of Mr. Knightley’s guidance of Emma in the novel as a whole?

After the episode at Box Hill, Mr. Knightley says to Emma, ‘I must once more speak to you as I have been used to do: a privilege rather endured than allowed, perhaps, but I must still use it.' How do you as a modern reader, respond to Austen's presentation of Mr. Knightley's guidance of Emma in the novel as a whole? It can be said that Emma is a novel which is based on morals and manners. In the society, and the people in which Jane Austen deals with, we see the high expectations, the pride and mainly good use of manners in their community. George Knightley is considered to be a well mannered and respectable man, and we are shown good reasons to believe so, on many occasions. He is thought of as a ‘good-catch', being rich with ‘old money', and having very high status, but does not show any signs of snobbery to or against another person. In addition, Mr Knightley has many good qualities, and we can see how fond Austen is of her ‘faultless' character. We see him in many circumstances, (mostly) being calm, polite and sharp, never succumbing to rudeness. He is always pleasant and friendly towards Miss Bates, which shows the reader a very gentle side to him, even though many other characters get agitated with her rather easily. Austen also helps us understand how courteous and patient he is, whilst dealing with Mr. Woodhouse. He is a very annoying, infuriating man so by showing Mr. Knightley to be friendly and tolerant with him, helps us see what truly great qualities this man has. When speaking to Emma, we understand how much he cares for her, though sometimes he may seem quite abrupt. Nevertheless, throughout the novel we see Emma's countless faults. She seems to be inexperienced at the start of the novel, which can be said to ‘justify' her childish behaviour. Though it appears that she does not know a lot about life in general, acting spoilt and immature; we are soon shown of her sharp, intelligent and kind self, which makes the reader realise of her desperate need of help. She is lacking parental support greatly, and quite seriously; it is clear to us that she has never had a mother figure to look up to, only ever having Miss Taylor her governess, which seems more like friendship than mother-daughter. Her father does not realise of her need of love and support, and therefore continues to act like a selfish child who needs a great deal of care, consequently ending up with Emma caring and concerning for her father and not concentrating on her own needs. Although we see of her and her sister's closeness, Isabella has her own life and is away from their estate for most of the year. As a result Mr Knightley shows to be the only one capable and willing around her, to help her through and towards her development. As Mr. Knightley acts as Emma's ‘mentor' throughout the novel, we see on many occasions, him upsetting her with the truth, them in conflict, and a lot of realisation about oneself. When she boasts of her persuading Harriet to decline Robert Martin's marriage proposal, as she is certain of Mr. Elton's love for Harriet, we see Mr. Knightley fuming with rage at her, as she does not realise the consequences of her actions, and the damage she will cause for the people involved. She is stubborn with George Knightley, and only when Mr. Elton proposes to her, does she realise the reality in what she has done and the truth in what he has said. The situation is then followed by her self-searching, and reflecting on her actions, admitting she is wrong to only herself, soon forgetting of her wrong doings. Following the incident at Box Hill, it is the first time that we see Emma break down in the novel. Mr. Knightley is very angry with Emma, but does raise his voice, simply explains their situation of how people perceive them, clarifying the importance of them setting a good example. Possibly the reason for her humiliation, is the fact that she did not realise how hurtful she was to Miss Bates, and never once took into consideration of her position in the society. By explaining how their circle of friends look up to both her and Mr. Knightley, Emma for the first time in the novel realises her situation as a woman, a mentor, and a friend. Once releasing her true, sad feelings, Mr. Knightley acts kind and careing towards her, and she accepts her mistakes, and is prepared to apologise to Miss Bates as well as being friendly and patient with her from then on. This can be seen as a self-analysis, which truly shows her willingness to develop. Even as a modern reader, it seems that Austen is simply showing two peoples love for each other, in which they both work hard to persist. Mr. Knightley cares a great deal for Emma, and we can see that all his stern and honest ways in which he has dealt with her throughout the novel, have all been on the grounds of his love for her, as a friend, a companion and a man. He is sensible and truthful during the narrative, which is how Austen gains our trust for him. He has helped her comprehend many difficult situations on many occasions, but she has also helped him to maybe not be so serious and untrusting. And it seems as though Emma realises this near the ending of the novel, whilst discussing the situation of herself and Mr. Knightley, and the situation of Frank and Jane, to Frank Churchill himself. Though at times Mr. Knightley has maybe seemed harsh and cold towards Emma, it has made her improve and mature in character greatly, ending with her fine development.

Marketing Plan on Product Coca-Cola

Assignment Marketing Plan On (Product Coca-Cola) Prepared by Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : 0000000 Group- Leo Marketing Management Sec-1 Submitted to Mr. Rumman Hassan Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh 25th April, 2006 25 April, 2006 Mr. Rumman Hassan Course Instructor Marketing Management School of business IUB, Dhaka-1212 Sub: Letter of transmittal Dear Sir, It’s our great pleasure to submit you this report on Market plan of Coca-cola. We have got a great experience while working on this report. We would like to leave this report to your kind consideration for any unintentional mistake that may accuser while doing this report. We are always at your service if you want to ask us any thing about this report and it will be a great pleasure to work with you again in future. Sincerely yours Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : Group- Leo Table of Contents Page number Acknowledgement ——————————————————————— 5 Executive Summary ——————————————————————-6 Introduction —————————————————————————-7 Beginning of the project ——————————————————–7 Preface ————————————————————————â⠂¬â€7 Company Overview ——————————————————————- 7-8 History —————————————————————————7 Coca-Cola Company in Bangladesh —————————————–8 Mission Statement ———————————————————————8 Motto of Coca-Cola: ——————————————————————–9 Strategic Goals —à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-9 Short term ————————————————————————9 Long term ————————————————————————9 Situational Analysis ——————————————————————– 10-14 Product Definition —————————————————————10 Brand Name of Coca-Cola ——————————————————-10 External Factors —————————————————————– 11-12 Demographic ————————————————————–11 Social Factors ————————————————————11 Political Influence ———————————————————12 Competitors —————————†”———————————12 Government —————————————————————12 Internal Factor ——————————————————————- 13-14 Human Resource Management ———————————————13 Technology —————————————————————-13 Management Levels ——————————————————–13 Financing Capaci ty ——————————————————–14 Marketing Department —————————————————–14 Brand Building Efforts ————————————————————— 14-15 Relationship Building Effort ————————————————– 14 Building Values ——————————————————————-14 Target Market ———————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€15 Consumption Rate ———————————————————————-15 Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry —————16 SWOT Analysis ————————————————————————-17 Critical Success Factors ————————————————————— 17-21 Strength ————————————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 7-18 Patent ———————————————————————17 Own production plant —————————————————– 17-18 Research & Development ————————————————-18 High market share ——————————————————–18 Brand image ————————————————————– 18 Weakness ————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 18-19 Don’t sell on account ——————————————————18 Less motivation down stream ———————————————-19 Insufficient advertisement ————————————————-19 Not skillful village distributor ———————————————19 Overconfidence in their product ——————————————-19 Opportunity ———————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-20 High growth rate ———————————————————-20 Huge local market ——————————————————–20 Acceptance of Pet bottles ————————————————–20 Good relationship with the distribution channel —————————20 Good relation with the Government —————————————20 Threats ——————————†”——————————————21 Other existing company —————————————————21 Good taste of competitors ————————————————-21 Political instability ——————————————————–21 Better professional promotion of competitor ——————————-21 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ——————————————————–22 Marketing Mix ————————————————————————– 22-26 Product ————————————————————————–22 Price ——————————————————————————23 Distribution Channel —â €”——————————————————24 Promotion ———————————————————————– 24-26 Promotional activities of Coca-Cola —————————————24 Sales Promotion ———————————————————–25 Advertising —————————————————————-25 Public Relation ——————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€26 Strategy Alternatives ——————————————————————26 Strategy Recommendations ———————————————————-26 Brand Element Choice Criteria —————————————————– 27-28 Exorability ———————————————————————–27 Meaningfulness ————————————————————â €”—27 Transferability ———————————————————————28 Adaptability ———————————————————————–28 Protect ability ———————————————————————28 Marketing research ——————————————————————-29 General objective ——————————————————†”———29 Specific research ——————————————————————-29 Data collection ——————————————————————29 Bibliography: ————————————————————————-29 Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank our lecturer Mr. Rumman Hassan; we are grateful to him for his cooperation in preparing this report. His proper guidance & helpful attitude help us to make this report. We like to thank Mr. M. A. Majed manager (statistics) of Tabani Beverage Company limited from whom we collected all the information. We offer special thanks to Mr. Shah Suja of Abdul Monem Ltd who really helped us by giving some information, which is required for our project. We also like to thanks Mr. Mustafir rahman who is a student of IUB & at the same time he is a distributor of coca-cola in Maymanshig districts who helps us to provide information. Executive Summary More than a billion times everyday, thirsty people around the world reach for beverages for refreshment. All around the world, drinking beverage is like an entertainment for people. Soft drinks are considered as consumer products. All round the world we can see a different marketing phase used by the beverage producing companies but in Bangladesh it is a little different. The companies do not directly sell their products to the end consumers. Companies such as Soft Drinks (Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC-Cola, Uro-Cola, Virgin, etc), Mineral waters (Fresh, Mum, ACME and etc), Juices (Pran, Danish, Sezan, etc) are dependents on the distribution channels for making their products reach the final consumers. As the companies are not making the people aware about their beverage through directly selling it to them, they use other media and means to make its customers know about their products. They use the advertisements as one of the most important promotional tools. Along with advertisement they also use other promotional tools. We have done a study on Coca-Cola Company with the aim to learn about the different marketing prospects in Bangladesh and our selected product is Coca- Cola. Like always the company is doing quite well although at the current moment RC-Cola is dominating the market a little more than Coca-Cola. Still Coca-Cola has more market share than its competitors. Coca-Cola has an effective marketing and advertising campaign. As the company does not have that skillful village distributor they cannot reach out to a lot of people. There are lots of recommendations which are provided for the improvement of the functionality in the marketing sector The company’s investment in local communities in over 200 countries totals billions of dollars in jobs, facilities, marketing, purchase of local goods and services and most importantly the local business partnership. Introduction Beginning of the project We are students of MKT-302 â€Å"Marketing Management†. Our faculty Mr. Rumman Hassan, Lecturer, School of Business, Independent University, Bangladesh has assigned to us this report writing as a part of our course study. We are sincerely thankful to him for assigning or group such type of a project work in a group of four members. Preface In the past we had only two foreign companies in the production of beverages. One is Coca-Cola Company and the other Pepsi. In the recent years there is a change that we all can see. Some newer companies have entered into this market. Still Coca-Cola is holding on to its position in terms of its market share and market position. Like always it has got the same tremendous response from the people in Bangladesh. Previously it used to dominate a little more than what it does today. After the introduction of RC-Cola, a sister concern of Partex group they have seen a little down fall in their market share. As people are getting more choice many of Coca-Cola’s customers have diverted to RC-Cola beverages. Still with the company’s ever attracting advertise they have been able to hold on to most of its customers. They also serve to their customers the best quality beverage. Company Overview History The first company that conducted its operation in the soft drink industry was Coca-Cola. They brought a new revolution in the history of the world. Coca-Cola was established in May 1886 when a pharmacist Dr. John Styth PEMBERTON first produced syrup in a three-legged brass pot in Atlanta, Georgia backyard. Coca-Cola first bottled in 1894. Large scale bottling was only possible in 1899. They marketed and distributed the product in specific territories. Coca-Cola Company in Bangladesh Even before our independence of Bangladesh the Coca-Cola Company has started its operation in Bangladesh. Coca-Cola started its operation under a franchise agreement. In Bangladesh there are two franchisees conducting operation on behalf of Coca-Cola Company. One is Tabani Beverages Company Ltd and the other Abul Monem Ltd. Tabani Beverage was established in 1963 at 257, Tejgaon, Dhaka. It had a rated capacity of 50 BPM on and acre land area. After independence, in 1972, the plant was handed over to Bangladesh. Freedom fighter welfare trust under the ministry of industry with the increase of gradual market demand in 1985 transferred and newly installed the plant with an increased capacity of 250 BPM at Mirpur on seven acre land area. In 1993 a new plant with 500 BPM capacities was established just beside the previous plant. Now the total production line capacity of the company is app. 830 BPM. Tabani beverage produces 175 ml, 250 ml, 50 ml and 1000 ml glass bottle. They supply Coca-Cola drinks to Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions. Other than Tabani beverage the other franchisee of Coca-Cola Company is Abul Monem company ltd. In 1982 Abul Monem started their operation after they acquired the plant of K. Rahman & Company. In 1987 the company made an aggressive move to expand their market. They installed new H & K bottling line along with and installed capacity of 450 BPM at Comilla. Furthermore they company established another plant Chittagong. The state of the art bottling plant with an installed capacity 600 BPM is the most modern plant in the country and is equipped with the straight-line-technology from KHS German. Abul Monem produces the PET Bottles, CANS and GLASS Bottles of a newly introduced product. Mission Statement Respect for labor and a human right is the fundamental to Coca-Cola Company’s principles for conducting business around the world. We treat our employees in more that 200 countries in which we do business in fairness, dignity with respect. Or bottling partners and we operate in accordance with local laws and contribute to the communities. Ultimately, a company’s identity is measured by how it connects with people and with the world around it. That is why The Coca-Cola Company’s mission is articulated as a promise. The Coca-Cola Company exists to Benefit and refresh everyone it touches. All of our success, both past and future, is a product of this promise. Our growth hinges upon our ability to build and nature relationship-with consumers, customers, bottling partners, suppliers, government agencies, communities, employees and share holders. Further, as we help to build thriving communities all around the world, we seek to ensure a healthy and sustainable marketplace for our beverages-today, and far into the future. Motto of Coca-Cola: Through out the history of the world’s most popular soft drink, advertising for Coca-Cola has followed the trends of time. Coca-Cola’s advertising slogans are memorable and create lasting impressions. Since the first slogan was introduced in 1886 ‘Delicious and refreshing’. The overall theme has been refreshment- one of the pleasant things in life, distinctive and available nearly everywhere. Motto followed the lead to make Coca-Cola the best known soft drink in the world. Today, motto for Coca-Cola and the company’s other products are carefully aimed towards individual tastes while understanding the universal appeal of refreshment. And very appropriately, the company has globally launched its new motto Theme –â€Å"Enjoy Coca-Cola†. ‘Coca-Cola motto’, the world’s best-known consumer product demands the talents of professionals in many different areas. The mottos that has used till now are: â€Å"Dil thanda to duniya thanda† Strategic Goals Short term To create Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value in their current product† Long term To acquire the position as a market leader of the beverage industry in Bangladesh by producing & serving high-quality and high value-added soft drink. Situational Analysis Product Definition Coca-Cola is consumer product because final consumer for personal consumption buys it. It also falls under the category of Convenience product, which requires very little planning, Little Comparison, low customer involvement, low price. It widespread distribution at convenient place makes it easier for the consumer to purchase the product. Coca-Cola has different sizes. They have 1 liter glass bottle as well pet bottle. Coca-Cola also has 175 ml and 250ml glass bottles. In addition, they also have 1. 5 liter of pet bottle and in the recent past they introduced into the market 2 liter pet bottle coke. It has also 250ml of can coke. Brand Name of Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Has become one of the most popular and widely known Brand roduct in the world It has high brand equity, and because of its high brand loyalty, name awareness, Perceived quality, strong brand association and other assets such as patent trademark and channel relationship. The Coca-Cola brand is value at $ 70 billion. Here we are dealing with tow most important situational factors- External & Internal factors. Some important determinants for this situation analysis are as follows: |EXTERNAL FACTORS |INTERNAL FACTORS | |1. Demographics |1. Human Resource Management | |2. Social Factors |2. Financial Capacity | |3. Political Influence |3. Technology | |4. Competitors |4. Management Level | |5. Government |5. Marketing Department | Table 1: situational factors External Factors Demographic Demographic is the study of people’s vital statistics such as their age, race, ethnicity and location. It is an uncontrollable factor in the external environment. Demographic is very important for marketing managers. After survey we find that teenagers are the prime consumer of Coca-Cola products, rather than the people at the age group of 60. Coca-Cola does not have an effective and fast distribution channel in the villages of Bangladesh. Their competitors have an upper hand in this zone. From the demographic point of view we have done a survey on the population who consume more Coca-Cola. |Age Limit |Percentage of Consumer | |Below 10 |10 | |11-15 |20 | |16-20 |23 |21-25 |18 | |26-35 |14 | |36-45 |11 | |45 and above |04 | |TOTAL |100 | Table 2: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Social Factors The most difficult external factors for marketing managers to forecast control or incorporate into marketing plans is the social factor. Social factors include our attitudes, values and lifestyle. According to the company’s mission statement or other statements it is clear that they do not use any such ingredients (e. g. Alcohol), which, contradict to our perception, values of Islamic religion or any other norms, and believes. Political Influence In Bangladesh hartal is a part of our life. Like all other third world counties we have political problems too. The marketing manager of Coca-Cola Company generally sells Coca-Cola 8,000 cases (1 case = 24 bottles) per day but during hartal time the company faces a great loss as they cannot transport their products to the market. Other than hartals they seem to have lesser problems regarding the political condition of Bangladesh. Competitors Pepsi is a very powerful brand name and is one of the biggest competitors of Coca-Cola. They compete with Coca-Cola throughout the world and it is no different in Bangladesh. At the current moment RC- Cola is a very big brand name in Bangladesh and is the greatest rival for Coca-Cola in Bangladesh. Mountain Dew is a new brand and is a threat for Coca-Cola. RC beverages with the brand image that Partex holds in this country RC beverage easily became a big competitor for Coca-Cola. RC’s market share is increasing which in not a good sign for Coca-Cola. Mineral water such as Mum, Fresh, ACME also a competitor of Coca-Cola. Different kinds of Juice also compete with soft drinks. Government Coca-Cola has been in business in Bangladesh for a long time but still today there is no record of the company being in any conflict with the government. Coca-Cola always tries to follow the government rules and regulation and they always pays the government the taxes and tariffs while bringing in their raw materials from their Parent Company. Internal Factor Human Resource Management Human resource management refers to the system that influences employee’s behavior, attitudes and performance. The roles of the Human Resource in Coca-Cola Company are as follows: †¢ Change Agents †¢ Choose a Strategic Partner †¢ Expert Administration Body †¢ Recruit Skilled and Efficient Employees Technology Like all other companies, for Coca-Cola, technology is the most important factor. Coca-Cola uses very high-tech machines for its production. In 1993 a new plant with 500 BPM capacities was established just beside the previous plant. Now the total production line capacity of the company is app. 830 BPM. In 1987 the Abul Monem Company installed new H & K bottling line along with and installed capacity of 450 BPM. The state of the art bottling plant with an installed capacity 600 BPM is the most modern plant in the country and is equipped with the straight-line-technology from KHS German. Management Levels Coca-Cola Company has three management levels: †¢ Strategic level: The Production Procedure, HRM, Store, Finance, Quality Control is all under his control. Technical Level: They are responsible for the administration, production, sales & distribution of Coca-Cola products. Under production department they have quality managers; under brand manager they have brand officer and marketing officer. †¢ Operational manager: They are responsible for the distribut ion of the products and are responsible for al operational activities. Financing Capacity From the financial report of 2002 and 2003 we can conclude that the company has a very good and sound financial capacity. Coca-Cola has a very high level of income. Moreover they are successfully conducting their business all over the world. Marketing Department All their distribution & sales promotion falls under this department. Coca-Cola Company has the marketing intelligence. They do a survey in all over the market situation and then they decide what step they should take. During the off seasons the marketing managers takes some promotional activities and uses few strategies to maintain their economic growth rate. The promotional strategies they use are like giving gifts, coupons, scratch cards etc. Brand Building Efforts Relationship Building Effort As the world's largest bottler of liquid, nonalcoholic refreshment, we operate in markets with dramatically different consumer preferences, product delivery systems, economic conditions, and marketplace opportunities. Despite these variables, Coca-Cola Enterprises meets the needs of local customers and communities throughout its diverse territories with a strong commitment to local, community-based marketing and superior marketplace execution. These concepts, combined with our firm belief in a decentralized operating structure that places responsibility and accountability as close as possible to the customer, clearly distinguishes Coca-Cola Enterprises from other bottlers. Building Values The people of Coca-Cola Enterprises are the heart and soul of our business, building relationships with our customers and our consumers in the communities we serve. By putting people first, we hope to create value for everyone touched by our Company. We strive for an atmosphere in which all employees are comfortable being themselves – offering ideas, making suggestions, expressing views, and appreciating our shared and unshared differences – regardless of their age, race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Target Market From the above table we can see that Coca-Cola Company’s main target audience is the teenage people (16-20). They aim their advertisement mostly at them. Then they target the age group of 11-15. They are also quite a significant consumer of Coca-Cola products. They hardly target the aged people. Their target is between the ranges of 11-35 years old population. Consumption Rate Figure 1: Consumption rate of Coca-Cola & other brands No matter how hot or â€Å"cool† the flavor feud becomes this summer; Coke won't be sweating it too much. Coca-Cola up 30 Tk to 40 Tk, the world's largest beverage maker, is still comfortably perched in its slot as the local market leader, according to Beverage Digest. Currently market share of product Coca-Cola is 23%. Comparing to other beverages Coca-Cola is the market leader product brand. Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry Figure 2: Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry Products in adversely affected strategic groups may try to shift to a more favorably situated group. Here in beverage industry entry barrier is low that’s why too much product are available. Currently Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC-cola, Virgin cola stands in same strategic group. Here Coca-Cola is the leading product of the beverage market industry in both market share and revenue generation. Pepsi has 2nd largest market share but its revenue generation is less than RC-cola. RC-cola has low market share comparing Coca-Cola and Pepsi but revenue generation is high. In Beverage industry upper 10, RC orange are the worst revenue generation product. Mum mineral water has demand but that’s market share is also low comparing to Coca-Cola. In this figure u see strategic gap. No company wants of reached their product in that position because it is not possible low market share with high volume of revenue. On the other hand no company wants for a product with high market share but low revenue generation. SWOT Analysis Strengths |Weaknesses | |Patent |Do not sell on account | |Own production plant |Less motivation down stream | |Research & Development |Insufficient advertisement | |High market share |Not skillful distributor | |Brand image |Over confidence on their product | |Opportunities |Threats | |High growth rate |Other existing company | |Huge local market |Good taste of competitor | |Acceptance of pet bottles is higher than |Political stability | |bottles |Better professional promotion of other | |Good relation with distribution channel |competitor | |Good relation Govt. | Table 3: SWOT Analysis Critical Success Factors Strength Patent Patent is most important and powerful strength of Coca-Cola Company. It’s an intangible asset for the company. Coca-Cola Company is a very well established group not only in Bangladesh but also all through out the world. They have a strong brand image all over the world and the same follows in Bangladesh. First half of the Coca-Cola Company is trade marked as â€Å"Coca†, so nobody can use this name. Patent is their powerful strength because its carries their image as one of the most reputed producers of beverage in the whole world. Own production plant: Coca-Cola Company has their own production plant in Bangladesh-Tabani Beverage established their own production plant with the capacity of 250 BPM, and beside that they newly installed higher capacity of 500 BPM. So they don’t need to depend on others. They only import the Syrup from the patent company & produce it for production. Another franchisee, Abdul Monem Company Ltd. started bottling line with the capacity of 450 BPM. Furthermore, they installed the most modern bottling plant capacity of 600 BPM from KHS German. Research & Development: They have well-established research & development department where they research over their existing product concentration & try to develop it. They also do researching on different taste of their products. They have highly qualified employees for their research & development dept. High market share: They are the most prominent manufacturers among all the beverage company in Bangladesh. They have higher market share than their competitors. Coca-Cola captures a market share of 26% where as the other products of Coca-Cola Company has very little share compared to it. Their greatest rival in Bangladesh is RC-Cola, which has a market share of only 19%. This shows that Coca-Cola Company has a high market share. Brand image: They have the most dominant brand name all over the world; they made their image for their brand name â€Å"Coca-Cola†. Whenever people think about soft drinks, the first name that comes into their mind is Coke. This shows how popular they are and how strong is their brand image. Weakness Don’t sell on account: Coca-Cola Company doesn’t sell on account, whereas other companies like selling on account to their dealers. For not selling on account their profit margin tends to go down. Also, they are loosing their dealers and distributors. Other companies are attracting those distributors and as distribution channel is the only way that the company can use to reach its final consumers they are facing serious problems. Less motivation down stream: They are very steady flow motivators for their product. They motivate but not so strictly, mean not maintaining the time period†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [Need more] Insufficient advertisement: In our country, Coca-Cola does not have enough advertisement promotion. Thus their competitors are professionally more advanced than them. Their customers are not properly informed. They think that their brand name would always do the trick for them. Due to less advertisement promotion they are behind their competitor. We hardly can find any advertisement of Coca-Cola in villages. So, many of the customers of that parts of Bangladesh are not having Coca-Cola. Not skillful village distributor: Coca-Cola does not have a good and skillful village distributor. Coca-Cola products can hardly be seen in village areas. Their advertisements are also hardly seen in those areas. The distributors are not promoting Coca-Cola products in villages, which their competitors are. Their distributors do not have outlets or any other such facilities, which could be promotional for the company’s products. Overconfidence in their product: Just from the point mentioned above we can know that the company has overconfidence over their product. As they are the first beverage producers in the world and has a very strong brand image and patent, the company thinks that they will be able to sell their products without too any promotional activities. Coca-Cola does not have too much advertisement and are also not willing to sell their products on account to their dealers. As such they do not have that good distribution channel outside Dhaka city. They think people would buy their products because of its brand name. Opportunity High growth rate: From its very inception in Bangladesh, Coca-Cola has a very potential market in our country because of its international reputation, quality and high acceptance among people of all ages. Coca-Cola does not have that good distribution channel outside Dhaka but now they are trying to get hold of better distributors and thus the village people can have access to their products. So it can be seen that in the near future they can have even a greater market share than today. Huge local market: The selling activities of Coca-Cola are very high in the local market than other existing company. They capture the whole market by giving the best quality to their customer and dealing professionally. Acceptance of Pet bottles: Coca-Cola launched attractive pet bottles, which is accepted by the entire customer, as it is portable and people are willing to buy these pet bottles rather than the bottles. So their effort to launch pet bottles is successful. Good relationship with the distribution channel: Coca-Cola Company and its distributor have a very good relationship with each other. They supply their product according to their needs. They promote their distribution channel through discount & allowances. They serve their dealers on time. Good relation with the Government: Good relationship with the Govt. is very important for any company to run its business. Threats Other existing company: The other rising companies are becoming threat for Coca-Cola. Opening of one company decreases 1% market share each year. Today RC Cola is a very reputed beverage producer and with their attractive advertisements and distribution channels they are at this moment in a better position then Coca-Cola and it is a big threat to them. Not only RC Cola but Pepsi, Virgin and euro lemon are also in this business. This means that consumers have more options to choose. Good taste of competitors: The other beverage company’s product is also coming up with the different taste like; mountain dew, URO cola with lemon, Fizz- UP, Pepsi has but Coca-Cola Company does not have any product like that in our country. So that it’s been a great threat for Coca-Cola. Political instability: Like all other companies Coca-Cola also faces a lot of problems regarding the political situation of our country. The political instability creates a lot of problems in the production of goods. Due to hartals, the transportation of their products is affected a lot. Better professional promotion of competitor: Competitors are becoming very professional with their advertising. RC Cola has designed a very attractive advertisement. They are using all well-known models like Nobel and Reshmi, who is an Indian model, for heir advertisements. Not only RC-Cola but also other beverage producers are using models and jingles for their advertisements. Coca-Cola on the other hand does not have that many advertisements an as such is being threatened by its competitors. There is a possibility that their competitors would capture greater market share through advertisements. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs In 1943, Abraham Maslow first published his famous â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† to explain what energizes and directs human behavior. It is no accident that very successful brands, such as Coke, appeal too many of Maslow’s deficiency and growth needs and that these needs are linked to powerful emotions: †¢ Physiological Needs (Coca-Cola quenches thirst and hunger. It is† delicious†& â€Å"refreshing. †) †¢ Safety/Security Needs (Coca-Cola is safe to drink worldwide. It is unchanging: â€Å"Classic Coca-Cola. †) †¢ Belongingness Needs (You are part of a large group of people who love Coca-Cola. ) †¢ Esteem Needs (Coca-Cola is recognized as a premium soft drink worldwide. It also call to mind memories of â€Å"special times and places. †) †¢ Aesthetic Needs (All Coke ads and designs have a sense of order and beauty. †¢ Self-actualization Needs (On the Coca-Cola web site, there are many stories on how Coca-Cola has deeply affected people’s lives) Marketing Mix Product Our selected product is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has different sizes. They have 1 liter glass bottle as well pet bottle. Coca-Cola also has 175 ml and 250ml glass bottles. In addition, they also have 1. 5 liter of pet bottle and in the recent past they introduced into the market 2 liter pet bottle Coca-Cola. It has also 250ml of can Coca-Cola. What's in a Coca-cola †¢ Carbonated Water †¢ High Fructose Corn Syrup †¢ Caramel Color †¢ Phosphoric Acid †¢ Natural Flavors †¢ Caffeine Price The retail price of the beverage products are given below: Product Item |Quantity per pack |Price | | | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | |Coca-Cola |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | | | 250 ml. |12. 0 Tk | |Sprite |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |Fanta | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | |RC- cola | 250 ml. | | |500 ml |10. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |18. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |35. 00 Tk | | | |45. 00 Tk | |Pepsi | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | | |500 ml |2 0. 0 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |7 up | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | | |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 0 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |Mum |500 ml |10. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml |20. 00 Tk | |Sezan juice |250 ml |15. 00 Tk | |Pran juice |250 ml |12. 00 Tk | Table 4: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Distribution Channel Figure 3: Distribution Channel The company will establish an extensive distribution channel for all brand of coca-cola company to make it available throughout the country. It will build six distribution centers (Agent) in the six divisions of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Khulna, and Barishal. From these distribution centers, they will supply the coca-cola & other brands to different districts dealers. From dealers, the sales representatives will supply retail shops (small and mega) on the basis of their demand. The small traders will purchase Coca-Cola directly from the dealers. Promotion Promotional activities of Coca-Cola Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. According to Coca-Cola promotion is one of the major tools of marketing. A good way of promoting a product not only helps to influence and motivate people to buy it but also give a good impression about a company and it products. Sales Promotion Sales promotion includes marketing activities-other than personal selling, advertising, and public relations- that stimulates consumers, trade and dealer effectiveness. Sales promotion can be aimed at end consumers, trade customers, or company’s employees. Coca-Cola offers all of these sales promotions every year for various purposes. Coca-Cola s sales promotion tools include free samples. Sales promotion is generally a short run tool used to stimulate immediate increase in demand. Frequently Coca-Cola uses sales promotion to improve the effectiveness of their promotion mix ingredients, especially advertising. Research shows that sales promotion complements advertising by yielding faster sales responses. Advertising Advertising is a form of impersonal, one-way mass communication paid for the sponsor. Many different media may transmit it. Examples include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards etc. Coca-Cola does advertise by these media as well. The Coca-Cola advertising usually follows a campaign process that consists of five phases: †¢ Determining the advertising objectives †¢ Setting the campaign budget †¢ Determining the message to be transmitted to the target market †¢ Selecting the message vehicle and †¢ Evaluating the campaign Advertising is one of the most important promotional tools among the promotion mix of a company, which is used in order to convey their message along with visual effect. Coca-Cola is number one global brand in soft drinks items. So it also uses media advertising in order to capture full market coverage through out the world. In case of any sort of advertising campaign or slogan i. e. he central theme of ad is the most important part advertisement along with its storyboard. In fact, ad campaign communicates the product message to its target customers. Public Relation Concerned about the public images, Coca-Cola often spend large sum of money to build a positive consumer i mage. Public relations are the marketing function that:- †¢ Evaluates public attitudes †¢ Identifies the policies and procedures of the company and †¢ Executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. A solid public relations program can generate favorable publicity also. Thus Coca-Cola now spends huge money in the game field such as football and cricket, Sponsoring for charity shows etc. Organizing the ‘Asian Test Cricket Championship’, Coca-Cola Companies of Bangladesh paid Tk4, 000,000 approximate only for the final match of this tournament. Strategy Alternatives †¢ Maintain existing strategies †¢ Consolidate resources to focus on the soft drink market and divest of other businesses such as fruit drinks †¢ Leverage brand equity and financial resources to accelerate global market penetration with a view toward long-term profits Strategy Recommendations †¢ Focus on global market expansion †¢ Leverage brand equity and financial resources to dominate the global market †¢ Consider divesting of fruit drink lines and then reallocating resources to dominate the global soft drink market Brand Element Choice Criteria Exorability Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name |Coca-Cola can be easily recalled and recognized | |Slogans |â€Å"Coca-Cola Enjoy† â€Å"Always Coca-Cola† â€Å"Pio Saar Uthake† â€Å"Thanda M atlab Coca-Cola† â€Å"Dil Thanda to | | |Dunia Thanda† â€Å"Thandar naam Coca-Cola† can be chosen to enhance brand recall and recognition | |Jingles |Jingle can be also memorable | |Package |Attractive color with different packaging which contain all the information to make the package | | |memorable one | |Logos & Symbol |Unique logo and style of it by using red and white color that creates attraction to it’s | | |consumers mind | Table 5: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Meaningfulness Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name | Name of Coca-Cola has come from coco leaves and cola nut. | |Slogan |Its slogan has excellent meaning which can convey a message to build association | |Jingle |Its jingle carries distinctive message to its customer | |Package |Its packaging color convey the meaning of joy and pleasure | |Logo & Symbol |Its logo & symbol is unique and different from its competitor | Table 6: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Transferability Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name |Coca-Cola is globally accepted Brand | |Slogan |Its Slogan is easily acceptable through out the world | |Jingle |Jingle is transferable according to the culture of the host country | |Package |Packaging color and style is attractive through out the world | |Logo & Symbol

Barack Obama - Victory Speech in South Carolina

Barack Obama South Carolina Democratic Primary Victory Speech delivered 26 January 2008 Thank you, South Carolina. Thank you to the rock of my life, Michelle Obama. Thank you to Malia and Sasha Obama, who havent seen their daddy in a week. Thank you to Pete Skidmore for his outstanding service to our country and being such a great supporter of this campaign. You know, over two weeks ago we saw the people of Iowa proclaim that our time for change has come. But there were those who doubted this countrys desire for something new, who said Iowa was a fluke, not to be repeated again. Well, tonight the cynics who believed that what began in the snows of Iowa was just an illusion were told a different story by the good people of South Carolina. After four great contests in every corner of this country, we have the most votes, the most delegates and the most diverse coalition of Americans that weve seen in a long, long time. You can see it in the faces here tonight. There are young and old, rich and poor. They are black and white, Latino and Asian and Native American. They are Democrats from Des Moines and independents from Concord and, yes, some Republicans from rural Nevada. And weve got young people all across this country whove never had a reason to participate until now. And in nine days, in nine short days, nearly half the nation will have the chance to join us in saying that we are tired of business as usual in Washington. We are hungry for change, and we are ready to believe again. But if theres anything, though, that weve been reminded of since Iowa, its that the kind of change we seek will not come easy. Now, partly because we have fine candidates in this field, fierce competitors who are worthy of our respect and our admiration and as contentious as this campaign may get, we have to remember that this is a contest for the Democratic nomination and that all of us share an abiding desire to end the disastrous policies of the current administration. But there are real differences between the candidates. We are looking for more than just a change of party in the White House. Were looking to fundamentally change the status quo in Washington. Its a status quo that extends beyond any particular party. And right now that status quo is fighting back with everything its got, with the same old tactics that divide and distract us from solving the problems people face, whether those problems are health care that folks cant afford or a mortgage they cannot pay. So this will not be easy. Make no mistake about what were up against. Were up against the belief that its all right for lobbyists to dominate our government, that they are just part of the system in Washington. But we know that the undue influence of lobbyists is part of the problem, and this election is our chance to say that we are not going to let them stand in our way anymore. Were up against the conventional thinking that says your ability to lead as president comes from longevity in Washington or proximity to the White House. But we know that real leadership is about candor and judgment and the ability to rally Americans from all walks of life around a common purpose, a higher purpose. Were up against decades of bitter partisanship that cause politicians to demonize their opponents instead of coming together to make college affordable or energy cleaner. Its the kind of partisanship where youre not even allowed to say that a Republican had an idea, even if its one you never agreed with. Thats the kind of politics that is bad for our party. It is bad for our country. And this is our chance to end it once and for all. Were up against the idea that its acceptable to say anything and do anything to win an election. But we know that this is exactly whats wrong with our politics. This is why people dont believe what their leaders say anymore. This is why they tune out. And this election is our chance to give the American people a reason to believe again. But let me say this, South Carolina. What weve seen in these last weeks is that were also up against forces that are not the fault of any one campaign but feed the habits that prevent us from being who we want to be as a nation. Its a politics that uses religion as a wedge and patriotism as a bludgeon, a politics that tells us that we have to think, act, and even vote within the confines of the categories that supposedly define us, the assumption that young people are apathetic, the assumption that Republicans wont cross over, the assumption that the wealthy care nothing for the poor and that the poor dont vote, the assumption that African-Americans cant support the white candidate, whites cant support the African-American candidate, blacks and Latinos cannot come together. We are here tonight to say that that is not the America we believe in. I did not travel around this state over the last year and see a white South Carolina or a black South Carolina. I saw South Carolina because in the end, were not up just against the ingrained and destructive habits of Washington. Were also struggling with our own doubts, our own fears, our own cynicism. The change we seek has always required great struggle and great sacrifice. And so this is a battle in our own hearts and minds about what kind of country we want and how hard were willing to work for it. So let me remind you tonight that change will not be easy. Change will take time. There will be setbacks and false starts, and sometimes well make mistakes. But as hard as it may seem, we cannot lose hope, because there are people all across this great nation who are counting on us, who cant afford another four years without health care. They cant afford another four years without good schools. They cant afford another four years without decent wages because our leaders couldnt come together and get it done. Theirs are the stories and voices we carry on from South Carolina the mother who cant get Medicaid to cover all the needs of her sick child. She needs us to pass a health care plan that cuts costs and makes health care available and affordable for every single American. Thats what shes looking for. The teacher who works another shift at Dunkin Donuts after school just to make ends meet she needs us to reform our education system so that she gets better pay and more support and that students get the resources that they need to achieve their dreams. The Maytag worker whos now competing with his own teenager for a $7-an-hour job at the local Wal-Mart because the factory he gave his life to shut its doors he needs us to stop giving tax breaks to companies that ship our jobs overseas and start putting them in the pockets of working Americans who deserve it and put them in the pockets of struggling homeowners who are having a tough time, and looking after seniors who should retire with dignity and respect. That woman who told me that she hasnt been able to breathe since the day her nephew left for Iraq, or the soldier who doesnt know his child because hes on his third or fourth or even fifth tour of duty they need us to come together and put an end to a war that should have never been authorized and should have never been waged. So understand this, South Carolina. The choice in this election is not between regions or religions or genders. Its not about rich versus poor, young versus old, and it is not about black versus white. This election is about the past versus the future. Its about whether we settle for the same divisions and distractions and drama that passes for politics today or whether we reach for a politics of common sense and innovation, a politics of shared sacrifice and shared prosperity. There are those who will continue to tell us that we cant do this, that we cant have what were looking for, that we cant have what we want, that were peddling false hopes. But heres what I know. I know that when people say we cant overcome all the big money and influence in Washington, I think of that elderly woman who sent me a contribution the other day, an envelope that had a money order for $3.01 along with a verse of Scripture tucked inside the envelope. So dont tell us change isnt possible. That woman knows change is possible. When I hear the cynical talk that blacks and whites and Latinos cant join together and work together, Im reminded of the Latino brothers and sisters I organized with and stood with and fought with side by side for jobs and justice on the streets of Chicago. So dont tell us change cant happen. When I hear that well never overcome the racial divide in our politics, I think about that Republican woman who used to work for Strom Thurmond, whos now devoted to educating inner-city children, and who went out into the streets of South Carolina and knocked on doors for this campaign. Dont tell me we cant change. Yes, we can. Yes, we can change. Yes, we can. Yes, we can heal this nation. Yes, we can seize our future. And as we leave this great state with a new wind at our backs, and we take this journey across this great country, a country we love, with the message weve carried from the plains of Iowa to the hills of New Hampshire, from the Nevada desert to the South Carolina coast, the same message we had when we were up and when we were down, that out of many we are one, that while we breathe we will hope, and where we are met with cynicism and doubt and fear and those who tell us that we cant, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of the American people in three simple words: Yes, we can. Thank you, South Carolina. I love you.

Open System Interconnection (OSI) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Open System Interconnection (OSI) - Essay Example The data transport or 'lower layers' of the OSI model handle data transport issues and are implemented in hardware and software. The lowest layer, the physical layer, is responsible for actually placing information on the medium. As a side note, most systems today use a modified version of this model; for example TCP/IP uses a 6-layer model. The OSI model is generic and is not a communication model -it makes no assumptions about programming language bindings, operating system bindings or application and user interface issues. Communications are implemented through protocols which are a formal set of rules and conventions that govern how computers exchange information over a network medium. A protocol implements the functions of one or more of the OSI layers. The table below describes the role of each of the 7 layers in greater detail: Responsible for activating, maintaining and deactivating the physical link between network objects. Network interface cards and interfaces on routers run at this level. Physical layer specifications define characteristics such as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors. Physical layer implementations can be categorized as either LAN or WAN specifications. When an application on Computer 1 sends dat... Provides error checking, error recovery and flow control. The transport protocols used on the Internet are TCP and UDP. 3 Network Layer Makes the upper layers independent of the data transmission, switching technologies, and topology of the network. Determines which path(s) in the network that data will be routed. This layer is very important to the design and configuration for internetworking. IP and routing protocols operate here. 2 Data Link Layer Provides reliable transfer across the physical links. Establishes the beginning and end of blocks of data (with synchronization when necessary) Reorder frames which are out of sequence [framing]; error detection and correction rate of data transmission [flow control]. It is subdivided into the logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) sub layers. Bridges and switches interface here. 1 Physical Layer Responsible for activating, maintaining and deactivating the physical link between network objects. Network interface cards and interfaces on routers run at this level. Physical layer specifications define characteristics such as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors. Physical layer implementations can be categorized as either LAN or WAN specifications. electrical optical mechanical When an application on Computer 1 sends data to Computer 2 that data passes through each layer of the OSI model on Computer 1 until it gets to the Physical layer. At that point it is transmitted on the physical medium (e.g. cabling) across to the Physical layer on Computer 2. The data then passes up through the Physical, Data, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and

Case Management in the Psychiatric ICU-The Clinical Governance Essay

Case Management in the Psychiatric ICU-The Clinical Governance Perspective - Essay Example The word Clinical Governance derives its roots from Corporate Governance, which aims at ensuring sound business and financial management. The term Governance therefore has significance in clinical practice since it addresses concerns about quality of health (Lazare 1987). Department of Health (1999) defines Clinical Governance as, "a framework through which NHS organisations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of their services and safe-guarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish". Clinical governance is aimed at improving the quality of clinical care at all levels of an organization by consolidating, codifying, and standardizing organizational policies and approaches, particularly clinical and corporate accountability (Scally & Donaldson, 1998). Clinical Governance is also explained as the ability to create an effective change in order to achieve improved quality of care. (O'Kelly,2003). It aims at ensuring that standards are adhered to and processes are mapped for continuous quality improvement Natalie Jones (2004). Its focus is on providing holistic care to patients and more than a structure, it is an ideology to be adopted and implemented by healthcare organizations. 1. There are seven key principles, commonly referred to as the seven pillars supporting Clinical Governance (Camden 2004;,South Leeds, 2005). These are explained below: 1. Clinical Audit: This refers to adherence of nationally set standards for clinical care by National Service Framework (NSF), and those set by the organization locally. Clinical audit also involves sharing information with others in the healthcare industry for benchmarking and exchange of best practices. Department of Health, Government of Western Autralia, n.d.) points out that "Clinical audit is the cyclical process of reviewing clinical performance, refining practice as a result and measuring the outcomes against agreed standards. Part of good clinical practice for generations, audit is practised at a number of levels, from regular morbidity and mortality reviews through to national studies. There are many successful examples of its application, such as the national audit of stroke, undertaken in the UK". 2. Clinical Effectiveness: Ensuring that patients get the right treatment is assurance of clinical effectiveness. This implies using evidence based medicine and keeping abreast with latest updates in medicine. 3. Patient and Public Involvement: Clinical governance emphasizes user participation. Patient's feedback to the service provided is an important precursor to quality improvement. 4. Risk Management : Optimum processes for service delivery is essential in minimizing risks to both patient and staff . Reporting of errors and lapses is a crucial step in risk management since it controls future errors. And though clinical governance places importance on robust systems to control lapses, it also recognizes that clinicians are human beings and can make errors. Recognizing the human element as an integral aspect of healthcare delivery gives great strength and wide acceptance to the concept of clinical governance. 5. Staffing and Staff Management: Encouraging teamwork and helping

The Paradox of Wealth and Poverty Research Paper

The Paradox of Wealth and Poverty - Research Paper Example tion is said to have become wealthier according to the generally accepted measures, a significant portion of the population actually become poorer day by day. This gives rise to a paradoxical situation in which wealth and poverty simultaneously increase in an economy. An attempt in recent years to find a solution to this globally prevalent problem has been the made by nations by implementing the concept of â€Å"Microfinance†, which ensures provision of a wide range of financial services to the very poor. One of such most important financial services is the issue of â€Å"microcredit† to the poor, who are usually unable to get financial support from the conventional credit system due to a number of reasons. This revolutionary financial innovation originated with the establishment of the Grameen Bank by Muhammad Yunus, winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, who had started working on this issue back in the year 1976. This concept is today being applied in the developed co untries like the U.S. as well, where around 37 million people (12.6%) live below the poverty line (Wikipedia). However, it has been observed that replication of the original Grameen Banking model internationally is a very challenging task and large scale implementation of the concept may not be entirely possible. But given the promising results that this microcredit concept has shown, nations all over the world are trying to come up with policies in order to apply the concept to their respective economical and socio-cultural set up. In this essay, I’m going to describe the problem of economic and social inequality that microfinance seeks to address, and then explain in detail the concept of microfinance and microcredit, how did the concept

Egyptian book of the death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Egyptian book of the death - Essay Example After that, the Nile Valley area became a province under the Roman Empire and was ruled from outside its borders for almost a thousand years. It was at this time that its culture changed out of all recognition. As a result, the Egyptian book of the dead was written as a collection of chapters made up of formulas and magic spells written and illustrated on papyrus. These funeral chapters began to appear in tombs at around 1600 BC. It is the guidebook that guides the deceased to a happy afterlife. The text is made to be read by the deceased as they travel into the underworld. By reading it, the deceased would overcome obstacles so as not to loose their way. The practice was possible by providence of passwords, clues, and revealing information on routes that allowed the deceased person to navigate around hazards and answer questions. It would grant the protection and help of the gods while reading the deceased’s identity with the gods2. Around 5000 years ago, the Egyptians established an enduring and extraordinary civilization. The following is a journey through it all. The first breakthrough to Egypt civilization came along the valley of River Nile. This locality is flat, and the climate alternated between the hot-dry and the very wet, with the latter producing floods of rivers and swamps. These conditions challenged the human skills and his ingenuity. The rivers led to success in agriculture, and thus, the large and still growing population was sustainable. The desert that protected the land from attacks and invasions by neighbors sealed the Egyptian breakthrough. This success led to advancement in other and broader fields such as writing, calendar, centralized system of government and a system of irrigation all developed. As a result, Egypt divided into provinces, each ruled by a monarch. Feuds and conflict were common. Menes was

Pythagorean Theorem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pythagorean Theorem - Essay Example â€Å"The area of the square built upon the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares upon the remaining sides† (Audy & Morosini, 2007). Hence, the Pythagorean Theorem can be used to find out the length of the side of a right angled triangle when the lengths of the two other sides are known. The theorem has a range of real life applications. For instance, it can be used to measure the distance between two cities in a map, height of an object from the length of its shadow, the length of the diagonal of a rectangle and for many other purposes. The longest side of a triangle is called hypotenuse, while the remaining two sides are called the legs of the triangle. The algebraic expression of the Pythagorean Theorem can be written as follows: As Sonnenberg, Wittenberg, Ferrucci, Mueller and Simeone (1981) point out, the Pythagorean Theorem is helpful to calculate the unknown length of a side of a right angled triangle, if the lengths of the other two sides are known. Similarly, in a right angled triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is greater than other two sides, but less than the sum of their lengths. The above figure contains four copies of a right angled triangle having sides a, b, and c; which are arranged in a square having side c. Hence, each triangle has an area of  ½ab whereas the small square has a side b-a and an area (b – a) 2. Hence, the area of the large square becomes, It has been proved that the converse of this theorem is also true. Hence, for any triangle with sides a, b, and c; and a2 + b2 = c2, the angle between the legs a and b will be a right angle (90o) (cited in Serra, 1994). In total, Pythagorean Theorem is one of the fundamental theorems of mathematics. The theorem has a range of proofs and its converse is also true. Above all, it has a wide range of applications in the real life. Sonnenberg, E. V., Wittenberg, J., Ferrucci, J. T., Mueller, P. R. & Simeone, J. F. (1981).

Explain your personal and career goals and offer an explanation as to Statement

Explain your and career goals and offer an explanation as to why you should be admitted to AUD - Personal Statement Example Once I finish my undergraduate degree, I would do masters either in the field of Law or Political Philosophy. My career goal is to represent my country as an International Relations Officer (IRO). Getting a job in United Nations is my dream, which I want to fulfill. I want to understand political, cultural and economic issues of foreign countries, as it is essential for getting a job in a foreign country as an International Relations Officer. I want to pursue my degree from American University in Dubai because of its high repute. It is due to the highly qualified teachers of AUD, that I feel satisfied while thinking of getting admission in its undergraduate program. I believe that AUD can help me achieve my educational and career goals by providing excellent education and practical learning environment to

Create the topic, since you are writing it not me Essay

Create the topic, since you are writing it not me - Essay Example Although everyone seemed to be informed, very few bought into the sense of community mindset it would take to overcome the challenges of prevention to find a working solution. In Malcolm Gladwell's terms, the lack of adoption of AIDS prevention strategies in spite of widespread awareness discussed in Epstein's essay "AIDS, Inc." is a symptom of weak-tie networks not transitioning into strong-tie connections, a similar psychological problem faced by American college campuses as discussed by Rebekah Nathan. Traditional messaging regarding AIDS in South Africa was focused on forcing the audience to hear and understand the messages being sent. This is very similar to the approach described in Nathan's essay "Community and Diversity," in which college students were coerced into classes attempting to force a false sense of shared community. "As a student, one is immediately enlisted to join the group, to get involved, to realize that one has become a part of the AnyU 'community" (Nathan, 4 1). It didn't work for the students at the university and overt attempts such as this have not been successful in Africa. According to Gladwell, the reasons people decide to join a community remains consistent - those who have strong-tie connections to others engaged in the same pursuit were more likely to behave in the same way while those who had few strong-tie connections were more likely to go their own way. The approach taken correlates with what Gladwell says about weak-tie relationships. According to Gladwell, weak-tie relationships are those formed by general shared interests but few actual responsibilities. "The platforms of social media are built around weak ties," Gladwell says. However, there are strengths in weak ties. "Our acquaintances - not our friends - are our greatest source of new ideas and information. The Internet lets us exploit the power of these kinds of distant connections with marvelous efficiency. It's terrific at the diffusion of innovation, interdiscipl inary collaboration, seamlessly matching up buyers and sellers, and the logistical functions of the dating world." While these networks are very effective in distributing information widely, as evidenced in the surveys mentioned by Epstein, they don't generally lead to the types of changes in behavior needed to address the AIDS epidemic in South Africa. Just as Nathan discovered in the college situation, networks are effective at gathering information about risks and common behaviors among groups, but these kinds of weak-tie connections are not powerful enough to bring about actual change or acceptance of mistrusted sources. Fortunately, an activist group well aware of how to convert weak-tie relationships into strong-tie connections for positive change stepped in to help. The bulk of Epstein's essay is dedicated to discussing just how the organization LoveLife approached the problem, serving as an example to other groups who may wish to do the same. "The trick was to get inside the head-space of these young people ... we have to understand what is driving them into sex - they know what HIV is, but they don't internalize it" (Harrison cited by Epstein, 128). Rather than depending on a mostly one-sided media campaign that mimics much of the characteristics of Nathan's

Quorn Revision Essay Example for Free

Quorn Revision Essay Introduction Branding creates attachments between consumers and brand: the stronger the attachment, the better the branding. Nothing connected with branding should surprise anyone any more (Frank, 2001). Whenever the word is spoken, it seems, there instantly follows some scarcely believable anecdote of corporations expanding, metastasising, covering more and more of our world and our culture, putting their mark in some unthinkable new spot or on some inviolable hero, ransacking the temples of art, laying claim to the legacy of the historical avant-garde, to that of religion, of bohemia, of the civil rights movement, of the left itself. We ride in subway cars whose every surface promotes an allergy remedy or the offerings of a TV network. We hear of masterbrands and megabrands (Frank, 2001).   And the claims attached to brands grow constantly: no longer simple guarantees of quality, brands are now thought to have a more high-minded aspect (Frank, 2001). The brand was everything, the very foundation of economic life. The brand was all that would survive, zealously protected and polished by a core of managerial workers, while the physical operations of the corporation were outsourced to those lands where people work for next to nothing (Frank, 2001). The most important thing to understand about integrated branding is that it is a model for building the most important asset any company hasits relationship with its customers (Lepla, 1999). If you understand that your best customer is the one you already have, then creating a rational system for deepening customer relationships is the logical next step (Lepla, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zeneca PLC is a pharmaceuticals company that offers agrochemical and specialties chemicals. The company considers itself as a bioscience company that targets it RD, their abilities in technology and marketing enhance new products that will resolve the scientific problems of their customers and consumers. Zeneca is one of the biggest pharmaceuticals firm globally that holds 2.5% of market share of the said industry, Zeneca’s major competitors are GlaxoWellcome with 4.5% share in the pharmaceutical industry. Zeneca is also offering healthy new products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imperial Chemical Industries or ICI and Rank Hovis McDougall or RHM, came up with a synthetically developed, healthy substitute for meat, called Quorn. During the 1980’s there was a great opportunity on this product because of the trend in healthy living, however, true vegetarians snob this product because of egg content. However, after the initial research RHM sold its stocks to ICI.   Quorn became a direct substitute to chicken. The market of Quorn was mixed, QTI was integrated to different recipe cards. Marlow Foods’ tie up with supermarkets localized the distribution of the product and made difficult for them to have control and surpassed the demand of the product. In 1990, Sainburys developed meat alternative pies and penetrated the London market. Quorn was introduced to the supermarkets of Tesco, the direct competitor of Sainsbury, profits increased dramatically. In 1994, Quorn was re-launched with a mainstream advertising campaign and logo. PROBLEMS WITH QOURN The consumers of Quorn are obviously still does not fully understand the product because it has no definite characteristics of its own. The knowledge that it is synthetically produced consumers worry about eating it especially those who want to eat healthy. Although, Quorn has its own loyal consumers, however people view it as a fad and targets vegetarians only. Quorn was relaunched in 1994, it was repackaged with a new logo, and a new advertisement that will put Quorn in the mainstream healthy food instead as a vegetarian food. Recommendation Initially, the understanding of buyer behavior is one of the more perplexing tasks confronting every manager (Schiffman Kanuk 2000). The difficulty arises from the heterogeneity of buyers, from being groups of individuals who differ from one another. But notwithstanding differences, consumers do share attitudes, opinions, reactions, and desires at various times (Schiffman Kanuk 2000). Business experience, marketing research, theoretical constructs and models, and trial-and-error methods help to find some of the common denominators. Practically, Quorn has to make some essential decisions that are taken in developing an effective marketing mix for their products particularly their â€Å"veggie meats,† that should be based in the systematic knowledge of the consumers that make up its permanent target market (Johnson and Mullen 1990). Johnson and Mullen believes that understanding the behavior of the consumer is the most basic step in helping marketing authorities to visualize and predict future trends, reactions, and changes in the marketing mix. It may also serve as a reference in determining the potentials of new products and its adoption. Customers recognize the importance of knowledge in relation to the product being purchased. That is why Quorn should make a consumer behavior study regarding their products and that way the company will be able to identify the needs and wants of their consumers. Wong (2000) argued that a customer evaluates a product or a service. Such action is based on the customer’s reaction from the using the product or service, which means that the product or service should leave a good perception to the customer’s contentment. Ferguson (1992) explained that it can be ensured that a customer is satisfied by taking into importance the value package, which includes: price, product quality, service quality, innovation, and corporate image. Others also stated the importance of maintaining or establishing a uniqueness of the product, while also understanding customers and what pleases them (DeMooji, 1997). Customers should also understand the product and be allowed to set their own standards in order to be satisfied (Frederick and Salter 1995). Because of the implications for profitability and growth,   Quorn should give emphasis to their customer retention is potentially one of the most powerful weapons that companies can employ in their fight to gain a strategic advantage and survive in todays ever increasing competitive environment (Lindenmann 1999). Aside from having a strategic purpose, gaining customer loyalty is also a key corporate challenge today especially in this increasingly competitive and crowded marketplace because of the eventual profitability it will provide (Chow Holden 1997). Every business wants to have a regular customer base because customers dictate profits and how the customer is treated will reflect on whether the customers will remain loyal with the company or not.    This concept is illustrated by Mittelhauser (1997) in a study about the textile and apparel industry. Competition forces certain brand names to become stronger than others because of product loyalty and name recognition. Consumers tend to buy what is already familiar to them. Thus, it becomes imperative for retailing outfits, especially small or exclusive ones to build a steady base of customers to exist in the competitive marketplace. This relationship becomes mutually beneficial with the company, gaining steady profit and the consumer having the product/s of the said company. Consumers tend to buy what is already familiar to them (Farquhar, 1996). It becomes imperative for retailing outfits, especially small or exclusive ones to build a steady base of customers to exist in the competitive marketplace. Foss and Ellefsen, (2002) stressed that the relationship of consumers to certain brands are established through the individual’s concept of oneself. However, the company can go a step further and make additional profits by cross-selling as well as save money from having to acquire new or replacement customers. The consumer, on the other hand, can also do the same, by demanding benefits from being a loyal customer that companies would certainly give to maintain them. Previous researches have concluded that satisfied consumers are more loyal to the product as compared to unsatisfied customers (Aaker and Erich, 1999). Meanwhile, customers may remain loyal for a number of reasons and may not even be happy with the product or service. Customer loyalty becomes evident when choices are made and actions taken by customers (Watkins, 1998). Customer satisfaction refers to the consumer’s positive subjective evaluation of the outcomes and experiences associated with using or consuming the product or service. It refers to either a discrete, time-limited event or the entire time the service or product is experienced (Duffy and Kechand 1998). Satisfaction occurs when the product has been able to meet or exceed the conceived expectations that the customer has (Padilla 1996). Furthermore, customer satisfaction may also be considered as the measure of the high degree of quality of the product (Jacobs et al. 1998).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Crosby and colleagues (2003) deemed that once a product or service has been delivered or sold, its quality is believed to have been established.    Brand Management for Quorn Basing your product or service offerings on an integrated brand allows your organization to develop more saleable products over the long term by keeping it focused on your strengths as an organization. This focus opens it to new possibilities by broadening the corporate aperture from looking at what you are producing right now to looking at the bigger picture. Seeing the big picture is an essential prerequisite to company longevity. Strategy based solely on current product or service uniqueness ultimately results in decreasing market share, lower margins, missed opportunities, and price wars (Lepla, 1999).Integrated branding helps companies understand who they are and how to use that knowledge consistently to create better results. As with all worthwhile change, the process takes some investment in time and elbow grease up front, but results in a huge payoff (Lepla, 1999). Brand breadth is a function of not only the number and variability of products represented by the brand but also of the strength of association between the brand and the products it represents (Dawar, 1996). The strength of association is reflected in the retrievability from memory of product associations. This, in turn, influences the evaluation of fit of brand extensions. Two types of brands were studied: those with a strong association to a single product (and weaker associations with other products) and those with strong associations to multiple products. Results from an experiment showed that for brands with a single product association, brand knowledge and context interact to influence evaluations of fit for extensions to products weakly associated with the brand. For brands strongly associated with more than 1 product, context influences evaluations of the fit of brand extensions (Dawar, 1996). Given the importance of these associations, brand-extension researchers are now focusing on acquiring a deeper understanding of how cognitive representations of brands influence the evaluations of the fit of extensions with the original brand (Dawar, 1996). Ferguson (1991) reported that perceptions of brand-extension fit depend not only on similarity of product-based aspects, such as features or attributes, but also on the consistency of the extension product with an abstract mental representation, such as the brand-name concept. Primarily, Quorn can start the branding of their products with the effective use of media as an advertisement tool. Cultural diversity and the penchant for global fashion are increasingly reinforced in the media. Preferences for clothes, accessories and other fashion items rest on how a product is shown and perceived by the consumers around the world. Thus, advertisements are not only focused on a specific market but rather on the global market by universalizing their product and thus their brands. The potential influence of globally shared television images, the informational power of the Internet, or how displays of popular culture artifacts or consumer goods proffer modes of articulation for sharing surface identities based on styles (Ferguson, 1992). Being, first of all, a pragmatic market instrument, ads have an important side effect: they reproduce dominant ideologies, social structure, power relations and a global cultural. The products consume by individuals are wide spread markers of their social status, and they can be analysed as second-order signs, in Barthess terms, or to put it another way, as myths of consumer society: goods are imagined as magic latchkeys, letting one to come into the dream world (Ross, 2000). Fairytale narrative in a 30-second advertisement. Role of advertisements in socialization and construction of identity; representations of males and females and construction of their subject positions in advertisements (Ross, 2000). New brand extensions are generally supported by substantial communication efforts to build on existing product associations (Dawar, 1996). For brands like Quorn   with a single strong product association, and for extensions close to that product, communication could cue either the strongly or the weakly associated product. However, if the extension is close to the weakly associated product, context cues should primarily focus on it, especially if the target consumers are knowledgeable about the brand. Activating the strongly associated product would be a mistake in this communications should cue the product close to the extension product in order to maximize consumer perceptions of fit (Dawar, 1996). Dawar (1996) argued that the proximity construct refers to the distance of extensions from the brand concept. The strength of brand-product association was used to refer to the relation between the brand and its associations with existing products. However, empirically in psychological research, the two constructs are often treated similarly in that both distance and strength of association are measured using response latency. Quorn should recognize that these two constructs are independent and can be tapped using different measures. In this study we used response latency measures to determine strength of association and a card-sorting task to determine proximity-distance. Future research could provide additional insight into the orthogonality of these constructs by crossing levels of the two constructs. The memorability of a brand name and of copy items in print ads is enhanced by relations between the element to be remembered and other ad elements (Millard and Schmitt, 1993). Differences in brand-name memory were stronger on unaided recall measures than on brand-name recognition or brand-name matching measures. As argued before, this result suggests that interrelations among ad components are especially valuable for retrieval processes (Millard and Schmitt, 1993). It could be argued, however, that related ad elements provide redundant information which allows for guessing; that is, if an individual is exposed to the same information three times, then he or she has to remember less information than when three different items of information are presented. We believe, however, that it is not clear how an individual could find information to be redundant without noticing the relation between the two concepts that supposedly constitute redundancy. Bibliography    Aaker, David and Erich Joachimsthaler. 1999. The Lure of Global Branding.Harvard Business Review, 77 November/December,: 137-144. Chow, S Holden, R 1997, â€Å"Toward an understanding of loyalty: The moderating role of trust† Journal of Managerial Issues, vol. 9, pp. 275. 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