Grand Canyon University's History and Christian Heritage Essay

Grand Canyon University's History and Christian Heritage - Essay Example With regard to GCU's mission, the method of its enforcement is compatible with the university's Christian heritage. As claimed by Dr. Ray, Christian education is an "education with a spirit and soul". He further said that the foundation of Christian training were moral, mental, physical, social and spiritual - all of which are based upon the holy scripture, the bible. To become global citizens, effective communicators, critical thinkers and responsible leaders are consistent with Christian education. The university's four pillars, namely, academic advancement, Christian camaraderie, extracurricular excellence and wellness and well-being are all consistent with its history and Christian heritage. To note, academic excellence is one of the reasons why the Grand Canyon College was given accreditation in 1968. Athletic competition was the other reason. The school had long been active in sports and other extracurricular activities. These inclinations are all in line with Christian educati on as envisioned by Dr. Ray. ... 28). He further said that the foundation of Christian training were moral, mental, physical, social and spiritual -- all of which are based upon the holy scripture, the bible (Ray, as cited in Helfers, p. 28). To become global citizens, effective communicators, critical thinkers and responsible leaders are consistent with Christian education. The university's four pillars, namely, academic advancement, Christian camaraderie, extracurricular excellence and wellness and well-being are all consistent with its history and Christian heritage (â€Å"Four,† n.d.). To note, academic excellence is one of the reasons why the Grand Canyon College was given accreditation in 1968. Athletic competition was the other reason. The school had long been active in sports and other extracurricular activities. These inclinations are all in line with Christian education as envisioned by Dr. Ray. Diversity is one aspect that the university is trying to nourish. The founders of the university wanted t he school's name to be inclusive and all-encompassing (Helfers, 2000). Thus, the term Baptist was not included. According to Helfers (2000, p. 27), they aimed to welcome "students of all faiths or no faith." Presently, it has been accepting students of different religious backgrounds. Also, it has been employing faculties coming from over twenty denominations (â€Å"GCU,† n.d.). All these facts reflect the university's history and Christian faith. Personally, the university's statements correspond to my own set of values and traditions. I have been a believer of Christian faith since I was a child. The Baptist and Catholic Church both believe in Jesus Christ. Thus, I found it easy to understand the school's history and Christian heritage. Basically, what differs

Dead and Breakfast Essay Example for Free

Dead and Breakfast Essay The person who killed dusty could have been anyone of these people, they all had motive but only one of them was desperate enough to kill one of his closest friends. (7:20)The murderer must have been wearing gloves when he set the table again because he left traces of sodium, carbon, iron, and gold. When the Murderer saw his chance, he took it. 7:25)Right when the table had been set and no one was around he slipped the Potassium cyanide into Dustys cup. Now potassium cyanide is a hard thing to come by and only someone who had worked with it for many years would have known the right amount to give to Dusty to make him drop dead. (7:35) Dusty returns down stairs to finish his breakfast. (7:40) Dusty takes one drink then five minutes later he drops dead. Now let me fill you in on how all this evidence plays into this. Mr. Horace Throat had been experiencing some money problems with the mob and really need this auction to go well. Horace was counting on Dusty to help him out but when he let him down, he snapped. Horace had been working in metal finishing for many years and he used the same gloves as he did to work as he did to place the cyanide in the drink, which is how the traces of gold ended up on the table. Second Dusty was the only one of that group of people who had already had potassium cyanide on him because he was already doing work for Dusty. Horace Throat killed one of his closest friends and best buyers of many years just for money to pay off the mob.

Effects of Globalization on Migration

Effects of Globalization on Migration In the twenty first century, international migration touches the lives of more people than ever before. With more than 160 million people estimated to be living outside their country of birth, almost no country is untouched by international migration or is immune to its effects. With poverty, political repression, human rights abuses, and conflict pushing into more and more people out of their home countries while economic opportunities, political freedom, physical safety, and security pull both highly skilled and unskilled workers into new lands, it is believed that the pace of international migration is unlikely to slow in future. Recorded human history is dotted with ages of migration. From the Greek colonies and roman military conquests through the Byzantine and ottoman empires, and from the European colonisations to the great migrations of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, migration has been consequential to civilizations as few other large social phenomena have (Spencer, Sarah). Very few countries remained untouched by migration. Nations as varied as Haiti, India and the former Yugoslavia feed international flows. The United States receives by far the most international migrants, but migrants also pour into Germany, France, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Some countries, like Mexico, send emigrants to other countries, but also receive immigrants- both those planning to settle and those who are on their way elsewhere. So migration of people to countries has occurred all through history and it is by no means a new phenomenon. What is new is the changing nature of migration in this era of globalization. In this globalize world, where everything seems to be global, migration is also changing its nature and forms which it takes. The buzzword globalization, like a tidal wave, has carried with it many social and economic dynamics that are now defined in terms of globalizing tendencies. International migration is no exception to this. But what exactly globalization has done to migration is a legitimate and important question. For many, international migration has become global, in so far as globalization means greater circulation of goods, people and capital and also greater velocity in world politics. Globalization has transformed the nature of international migration not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. Globalization has triggered greater mobility, and there are qualitative changes in migration dynamics brought forward by the diversity of regions and people now involved in the process of migration. FACTORS WHICH LEAD TO MIGRATION Supply side factors: War and large scale disasters, whether natural or man made, are obvious migration triggers as people flee for their lives. Beyond them, the roots of international migration can be found in the quest to protect oneself and ones family from sustained physical jeopardy and to escape dramatic declines in economic opportunities that have become chronic. The latter cause of migration is qualitatively different from the search for economic improvement, which is a constant feature of migration (Spencer, Sarah). According to Spencer, two elements within these two broad causes are likely to remain important drivers in the next two decades. The first is political, social and cultural intolerance; at the extreme, gross, group based violations of human rights. The second is the systematic failure of governments to redress issues of cumulative disadvantage: the various forms of economic exclusion and ethno-racial, religious or linguistic discrimination that systematically disadvantage certain segments of a population. Both of these migration drivers are always present, to a greater or lesser extent. She also talks about three additional causes which require separate mention because they have recently gained in both virulence and importance. The first is outright ethno racial and/or religious conflict in which forcing the targeted group to abandon the contested area is not simply a by product of the conflict but a major policy objective. The second involves the deterioration of ecosystems to the point of making life unsustainable- prime instances are endangered water security and extensive degradation in water quality, the contamination of basic foodstuffs and the consequences of desertification. The third concerns the flight from various forms of natural and man made disasters. Demand side factors: There are various factors affecting migration like demographic factors, economic factors etc. Because of low rates of native population growth across the advanced industrial world, migration is already a large demographic force. Between 1985 and 1990, international migrants accounted for about one quarter of the developed worlds population growth. That figure grew to around 45 percent during the period 1990-1995: a function of increased immigration and relentlessly low fertility (Spencer, Sarah). Worldwide fertility rates are falling, although developing countries continue to see rapid population growth. In most industrialized countries, fertility levels are well below replacement rates. In Europe, the aver age number of children born per woman is 1.4; Italys fertility rate is 1.2. Countries with declining fertility face the likelihood of a fall in total population, leading some demographers to see a looming population implosion. Such nations can also expect an aging population, with fewer working-age people for each older person. Although immigration will not solve the problem, it will help ease labour shortages and redress somewhat the aging of the society (Martin, F. Susan). Demographic trends also help explain emigration pressures in Africa, Latin America, and some parts of Asia, where fertility rates are high. Rapidly growing societies often cannot generate enough jobs to keep pace with new entries into the labour force. Growth may also cause environmental degradation, particularly when land use policies do not protect fragile ecosystems. Natural disasters also wreak havoc on densely populated areas in poor countries (Martin, F. Susan). Economic factors also influence the migration patterns. Most theorists agree to these factors responsible for migration. Susan explains that Economic trends influence migration patterns in many ways. Multinational corporations, for example, press govern to ease movements of executives, managers, and other key personnel from one country to another. When labour shortages appear, whether in information technology or seasonal agriculture, companies also seek to import foreign workers to fill jobs. According to Susan, The growth in global trade and investment also affects source countries. Economic development has long been regarded as the best long-term solution to emigration pressures arising from the lack of economic opportunities in developing countries. Almost uniformly, however, experts caution that emigration pressures are likely to remain and, possibly, increase before the long-term benefits accrue. Wayne Cornelius and Philip Martin postulate that as developing countries incomes begin to rise and opportunities to leave home increase, emigration first increases and declines only later as wage differentials between emigration and immigration countries fall. Italy and Korea, in moving from emigration to immigration countries, give credence to that theory. Geopolitical changes since the Cold War era offer both opportunities and challenges for managing international migration, particularly refugee movements. During the Cold War, the United States and other Western countries saw refugee policy as an instrument of foreign policy. The Cold War made it all but impossible to address the roots of refugee movements, which often resulted from surrogate conflicts in Southeast Asia, Central America, Afghanistan, and the Horn of Africa. Few refugees were able or willing to return to lands still dominated by conflict or Communism. With the end of the Cold War, new opportunities to return emerged as decades-old conflicts came to an end. Democratization and increased respect for human rights took hold in many countries, as witnessed in the formerly Communist countries of East Europe, making repatriation a reality for millions of refugees who had been displaced for years (Martin, F. Susan). Sociological explanations of migration focus on the importance of cultural and social capital. Cultural capital refers to knowledge of other societies and the opportunities they offer, as well as information about how to actually go about moving and seeking work elsewhere. Clearly, globalization helps make this cultural capital available by beaming images of Western lifestyles into the most remote villages. Improved literacy and basic education also contribute to the ability to move. Social capital refers to the connections needed to migrate safely and cost-effectively. It is well known that most migrants follow beaten paths and go where their compatriots have already established a bridgehead, making it easier to find work and lodgings, and deal with bureaucratic obstacles. Older migration scholars spoke of chain migration, while in recent years much emphasis has been put on migration networks and the way these develop as links between communities at home and in destination areas. Th ese networks are much facilitated by the improved communications and transport technologies of globalization, and are therefore gaining in strength and salience. Networks are a further factor that helps sustain and transform migration when the original cause of a movement is removed. For instance, when the German government stopped labour migration from Turkey in 1973, flows continued and grew in the shape of family reunion, asylum-seekers and illegal migrants which all used transit paths and community infrastructures established in the previous period (Martin, 1991). So, most of the theorists and scholars have agreed to some common factors leading to migration. The most obvious and popular reason given the pull from higher wages in labour receiving countries. So the push factors in this case are high levels of unemployment and poverty in source countries which push the decisions of natives to move from their country of origin to one having labour opportunities with higher wages. Also, in some cases, networks of friends and relatives, already working in destination countries serve as sources of information and anchor communities for newcomers. So lured by friends and relatives and social network migration can take place. Also, it is not only these factors which cause labour migration, but it is in the interest of countries to promote migration. Labour sending countries promote migration because they have some motives. First is the massive domestic unemployment and second is earning of foreign exchange. Labour sending countries promote migration, as this gives some relief in terms of employment as these countries especially the developing countries which have problems of high unemployment and poverty. Aspirations of educated workers for higher wages also lead them to other countries. Sometimes, it is the students who go abroad for study purposes and settle there, as work opportunities and higher wages attracts them. Secondly, migration also serves as source of foreign earnings. Contribution of worker remittances to foreign exchange earnings is the major benefit that is received by labour sending countries. This could be one reason why countries may favour migration and support it. So, migration is not a new phenomenon and so the factors are also not new. What is new is the nature and forms which migration is taking in todays global world. GLOBALIZATION PROMOTING MIGRATION Globalization is a major driving force of international labour migration. In words of Stalker: In a world of winners and losers, the losers do not simply disappear; they seek somewhere else to go. (Stalker, 2000) It stands to reason that globalization with its associated liberalization policies resulted in a massive increase in mobility of labour across borders as in the case of capital and technology. Castles (1999) maintains that globalization tends to erode the sovereignty and autonomy of the nation-state and that international migration is an integral part of globalization. Globalization has made migration much easier through better communications, dissemination of information through mass media and improved transport, among others. It is the increasing trade and investment flows in many regions, which facilitated interest and awareness in migration. The recent expansion of the global communications network telephone connections, satellite dishes and video rental stores has already had a profound effect on the consciousness of the worlds less prosperous societies. Horizons have been broadened, expectations raised and cultural differences diminished. The images conveyed by such media may be largely false. Nevertheless, they convey a potent message about the advantages experienced by people living in the developed states. (UNHCR, 1995) Globalization forces have reinforced the movement of skilled workers who move with FDI flows and multinational investments. Professional managers, highly skilled persons and technicians are welcomed by many countries to attract foreign investment. Globalization has also increased economic disparities between countries. Stalker (2000) argues that flows of goods and capital between rich and poor countries will not be large enough to offset the needs for employment in poorer countries. For instance, the social disruption caused by economic restructuring is likely to shake more people loose from their communities and encourage them to look abroad for work. (Stalker, 2000). On the dark side of globalization, some have argued that globalization contributes to higher trafficking and smuggling of persons across borders with the proliferation of transnationals crime syndicates. (Linard, 1998). Some theorists and scholars have argued that globalization also reduces migration. Growth in trade can reduce migration through the creation of additional employment and higher growth in labour-sending countries. Increased investments by multinationals in labour-sending countries can create jobs and incomes in the home country reducing emigration pressures. Another possibility opened up by globalization forces is trade in services. The increased tradability of skill- and knowledge-intensive services opens up new opportunities for high-wage jobs in the migrant-sending countries, and can be expected to induce skilled workers to stay in their home country (Linard, 1998). The phenomenal growth in software exports from India is a case in point. But despite some differences, all major theorists by analysing the trends lead to a similar conclusion, that migration is increasing in the global world of today and it is likely to grow in near future. MIGRATION IN THE GLOBAL WORLD Two main models of migration and incorporation dominated academic and policy approaches in the late twentieth century: first, the settler model, according to which immigrants gradually integrated into economic and social relations, re-united or formed families and eventually became assimilated into the host society (sometimes over two or three generations); second, the temporary migration model, according to which migrant workers stayed in the host country for a limited period, and maintained their affiliation with their country of origin. Globalization, defined as a proliferation of cross-border flows and transnationals networks, has changed the context for migration. New technologies of communication and transport allow frequent and multi-directional flows of people, ideas and cultural symbols. The erosion of nation-state sovereignty and autonomy weakens systems of border-control and migrant assimilation. The result is the transformation of the material and cultural practices assoc iated with migration and community formation, and the blurring of boundaries between different categories of migrants (Castles, Stephen, 2002). The systemic role migration plays in the modern society can be seen as a constant, but its character and forms changes in the context of economic and social shifts and development in technology and culture. So, the specific characteristics of migration changed in the current conditions of globalization. Globalization is not just an economic phenomenon: flow of capital, goods and services can not take place without parallel flows of ideas, cultural products and people. These flows tend increasingly to be organized through transnationals networks of the most varied kinds, ranging from intergovernmental organizations and transnationals corporations through to international NGOs and global criminal syndicates (Held et al., 1999). Globalization undermines many of the core features of the nation-state. Castles states that International migrants have, by definition, always crossed national borders. But in previous times the assumption has been either that they would permanently move from one nation-state to another (permanent settlement migration), or that they would return home after a period (temporary labour migration). In either case, the sovereignty or power of the nation-state was not questioned. Under conditions of globalization, such expectations lose their validity. Migration tends to increase and migrants to become more diverse in social and cultural characteristics. States do their best to encourage certain types (skilled and entrepreneurial migration) and stop others (unskilled labour migration and asylum-seekers) but find it hard to make clear distinctions and to enforce rules. New developments in information and transport technology increase the volume of temporary, repeated and circulatory migration. Increasing numbers of migrants orient their lives to two or more societies and develop transnationals communities and consciousness. Such trends are linked to the increasing strength of informal networks as a mode of communication and organization which transcends national borders. This can undermine state control policies and reduce the efficacy of traditional modes of migrant incorporation into society (Castles, 2000). In the last half century, three types of primary migration have been most common: permanent settlement migration, temporary labour migration and refugee movement. Highly-skilled migration is the type of migration currently most popular with governments of receiving countries. Since the 1980s, the United States, Canada and Australia have set up privileged entry systems to attract entrepreneurs, executives, scientists, professionals and technical specialists. More recently, Western European and some East Asian countries have followed suit (Findlay, 1995). Attracting Indian IT professionals has become a global competition, while the health services of countries like Britain could not run without doctors and nurses from Africa and Asia. This type of migration can represent a brain drain that is a transfer of human capital from poor to rich countries but may also bring about technology transfer and cultural innovation for areas of origin. Since poor countries continue to turn out more graduates than they can employ, while rich countries continue to prune their education budgets, such migration looks certain to grow (Findlay, 1995). Low-skilled migration was crucial to post-1945 industrial growth in most rich countries, but is now generally rejected on the grounds that it is economically unnecessary and socially harmful. NICs continue to import unskilled labour, often for construction or plantation industries. However, this often takes the form of systematic use of irregular migrants or asylum seekers, whose lack of rights makes them easy to exploit (Castles, Stephen; 2000). Under conditions of globalization, certain new types of migration are emerging, or older types are becoming more significant: One new type is the astronaut phenomenon, in which whole families move to countries like Australia and Canada for reasons of security or lifestyle, while the breadwinner returns to the country of origin for work, commuting back and forth across long distances. This type became prominent with regard to Hong Kong in the period preceding re-integration into the Peoples Republic of China (Pe-Pua et al., 1998), but continues today affecting increasing numbers of countries. Return migration, though obviously not new, seems to be growing in volume as a result of trends towards temporary or circulatory migration. Return migrants are important agents of economic, social and cultural change, and increasing attention is being paid to their possible role in development processes (Castles, 2000). Retirement migration is an emerging type of mobility closely linked to improvements in transport and communications. Increasing numbers of people from rich countries with relatively high living costs and unattractive climates are seeking to spend their twilight years in more con- genial surroundings. Western Europeans are moving to Southern Europe (King et al., 2000), Japanese to Australia and New Zealand and North Americans to Latin America and the Philippines. This has considerable cultural impacts and also provides the basis for new service industries (Castles, 2002). Finally posthumous migration a phenomenon that reflects the cultural and psychological complexity of the migratory experience. Many migrants make plans to have their bodies returned to their native soil for burial (Tribalat, 1995:109-11). Even if the dream of return in old age proves a myth, at least the bond with the homeland can be re-asserted after death. Again, improvements in transport not to mention refrigeration technology are crucial (Castles, 2002). HOW FORMS OF MIGRATION CHANGING? Castles identifies three main approaches to incorporation of immigrants into society: assimilation, differential exclusion and multiculturalism. In older understandings of long-distance migration, newcomers were expected to move permanently and cut off links with their place of origin, so that they and their descendants eventually became fully assimilated into the receiving society. As a mode of incorporation, assimilation means encouraging immigrants to learn the national language and to fully adopt the social and cultural practices of the receiving community. This involves a transfer of allegiance from the place of birth to the new country and the adoption of a new national identity. However, not all immigrants have been seen as assimilable. Even the United States has had temporary migration schemes, like the Bracero Program for Mexican farmworkers. Moreover, not all immigration countries have tried to assimilate immigrants. Even prior to the industrial revolutions in Europe, practices of recruiting temporary migrant workers were common (Moch, 1992, 1995). In the late nineteenth century, such schemes became institutionalized in France, Germany and Switzerland with a high degree of control by the state and employers organizations. In post-1945 Europe, guestworker or temporary labour recruitment systems played a major role in labour market policies. Guestworkers were meant to come from relatively proximate countries of origin especially the European periphery and had no right to family reunion or permanent stay. More recently, similar approaches have been used in Gulf oil countries and Asian NICs. This mode of incorporation is referred to as differential exclusio n because it means that migrants are integrated temporarily into certain societal sub-systems such as the labour market and limited welfare entitlements, but excluded from others such as political participation and national culture (Castles, 2002). However, both assimilation and differential exclusion share an important common principle: that immigration should not bring about significant changes in the receiving society. Such beliefs in the controllability of ethnic difference could be sustained in the past, but began to be questioned from the 1970s in Western immigration countries. In the guest worker countries, temporary migrants were turning into settlers. Democratic states found themselves incapable of deporting large numbers of unwanted workers. Nor could immigrants be completely denied social rights, since this would lead to serious conflicts and divisions. The result was family reunion, community formation and emergence of new ethnic minorities. In classical immigration countries, the expectation of long-term cultural assimilation proved illusory, with ethnic communities maintaining their languages and cultures into the second and third generations. Immigrants began to establish cultural associations, places of worship and ethnic businesses trends which soon also became important throughout Western Europe (Castles, 2000). The result was the introduction of official policies of multiculturalism, initially in Canada (1971) and Australia (1973). In the United States, multi- culturalism has a somewhat different meaning, linked to interpretations of the role of minorities in culture and history (Gitlin, 1995; Steinberg, 1995). Here pluralism was used to refer to acceptance of cultural and religious diversity for immigrants generally in the private sphere rather than as government policy. Rather similar policies with varying labels (such as minorities policy in the Netherlands) soon followed in European immigration countries. In some cases they were introduced only in certain sectors, such as welfare or education, or at the municipal or provincial rather than the national level (Held, 1999). There is widespread recognition that cultural and social changes brought about by migration are facts of life, which must be recognized in various areas. This can be seen as one of the major impacts of immigration: in just a few generations, old myths of national uniqueness and homogeneity have been undermined. Globalization leads to major changes in the character of international migration. The context for migrant incorporation has already changed radically and will continue to change. The rise of multiculturalism itself is one sign of this. But this is not all; new forms of identities and belongings go beyond multiculturalism. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, globalization is undermining all the modes of controlling difference premised on territoriality. Increasing mobility; growth of temporary, cyclical and recurring migrations; cheap and easy travel; constant communication through new information technologies: all question the idea of the person who belongs to just one nation-state or at most migrates from one state to just one other (whether temporarily or permanently). These changes have led to debates on the significance of transnationalism and transnationals communities as new modes of migrant belonging. Transnationals communities are groups whose identity is not primarily b ased on attachment to a specific territory. They therefore present a powerful challenge to traditional ideas of nation-state belonging ((Bauman, 1998). Transnational communities appear to be proliferating rapidly at present. This trend can perhaps best be understood as part of processes of global integration and time- space compression. This is partly a technological issue: improved transport and accessible real-time electronic communication is the material basis of globalization. But above all it is a social and cultural issue: globalization is closely linked to changes in social structures and relationships, and to shifts in cultural values concerned with place, mobility and belonging. This is likely to have important consequences, which we are only just beginning to understand (Bauman, 1998; Held et al, 1999). It is possible that transnational affiliations and consciousness will become the predominant form of migrant belonging in the future. This would have far-reaching consequences. International migration has always aided in cultural exchanges and -notwithstanding the challenges raised when individuals, groups and communities of different cultures, ethnic groups and religions live together- it is reasonable to expect that it will continue to forge multicultural spaces and spread ideas and values. Globalization involves opposing movements, however: expectations of mobility become widespread, but the restrictions on movement become tighter all the time. The new technologies in the fields of communications and transport facilitate international mobility, and moreover, thanks to better schooling, together with more information on the situation in other countries -with messages on standards of living and codes of values which heighten the perception of the supposed advantages of migration- there are now many more persons interested in migrating. In the final analysis, the right to migrate is an option for all those with a minimum of human capital who are not able to materialize their aspirations to social mobility in their countries of origin, whose restrictions on the exercise of economic and social rights end up by undermining the right to stay. Thus, international movements of persons and families -in search of something that their own countries only offer them symbolically- are based on increasingly informed decisions, accompanied by the perception that such moves involve decreasing risks and costs. This is the current attitude to migration, the motives for which are now relatively independent of purely economic considerations. One of the cultural manifestations of globalization is the transition from territorially-based national identities to others which are perhaps less comprehensive but are of a trans-territorial nature. Migration has led to the emergence of new actors who, organized in communities and linked together through networks, maintain close links with their areas of origin (to which they send remittances and information) and represent collective referents of identity in the areas of destination (Portes, 1997a). These transnational communities are a clear example of the interactive role of international migration and globalization within the context of the explosion of identity marking the fragmentation of societies today (Castells, 1999, vol. II). Social networks and communities form part of an affirmative strategy of migrants in defence of their cultural features, the expression of their demands for citizenship, and protection both from restrictive attitudes to immigration and practices of social rejection (as exemplified in the working conditions of many migrants and anti-immigration feelings). To a large extent, they act as feedback factors promoting migration flows and further the diversification of human mobility. The transnational communities benefit from the traditional associations of migrants, but they are more complex than these: they promote cultural events -dances, dinners, festivities and typical products- and they legitimize the diversity of the recipient societies. They are geographically extended social units, with close relations and supportive links, and even sponsor transnational micro-entrepreneurial initiatives (Portes, 1997a and 1997b). They often function with tensions, conflicts and contradictions that recreate the context of structural inequality of their communities of origin, and thereby serve as a matrix for the social reproduction of their members in their destination countries (Canales and Zlolniski, 2000).8 The heterogeneity of their members, the potential of some of them for resistance and opposition, their different forms of organization, their international links and their complex relations with the market and the State make these transnational communities a mandat ory element of reference of indisputable importance for the design of measures to deal with the question of migration. Their interactive relation with globalization is particularly evident in the case of Latin

Mount St. Helens :: Nature Volcanoes Eruptions Essays

Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens is an active stratovalcano in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located 96 miles south of Seattle and 53 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. The mountain is part of the Cascade Range. It is most famous for a catastrophic eruption on May 18, 1980. That eruption was the most deadly and economically destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States. 57 people were killed, and 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways and 185 miles (300 km) of highway were destroyed. The eruption blew the top of the mountain off, reducing its summit from 9,677 feet to 8,364 feet in elevation and replacing it with a mile-wide horeshoeshaped crater. Like most of the other volcanoes in the Cascade Range, St. Helens is a great cone of rubble, consisting of lava rock interlayered with ash, pumice and other deposits. Volcanic cones of this internal structure are called composite cones or stratovolcanoes. Mount St. Helens includes layers of basalt and andesite through which several domes of dacite lava have erupted. The largest of the dacite domes formed the previous summit; another formed Goat Rocks dome on the northern flank. These were destroyed in St. Helens' 1980 eruption. The first recorded sighting of Mount St. Helens by Europeans was by Royal Navy Commander George Vancouver and the officers of HMS Discovery on May 19, 1792, while they were surveying the northern Pacific Ocean coast from 1792 to 1794. Vancouver named the mountain for British diplomat Alleyne Fitzherbert, Baron St. Helens on October 20, 1792. According to geological evidence, St. Helens started growth 37,600 years ago with dacite and andesite eruptions of pumice and ash. Mudflows were very significant forces in all of St. Helens' eruptive cycles. Starting around 2500 BC eruptions of large amounts of ash and yellowish-brown pumice covered thousands of square miles. This eruptive cycle lasted until about 1600 BC. After 400 years of inactivity, St. Helens came alive again around 1200 BC. This cycle, which lasted until about 800 BC, is characterized by smaller volume eruptions. Mt. Saint Helens woke up on March 20, 1980, with a Richter magnitude 4 earthquake. Steam venting started on March 27. By the end of April, the north side of the mountain started to bulge.

Cultural Imperialism Is Power Essay

â€Å"Cultural imperialism† is what takes place when a large, powerful, economically dominant nation promotes, imposes, or otherwise spreads its own culture to less powerful, economically subservient nations. A. Examples Cultural imperialism is already evident throughout the world: Palestinian Arabs chanting â€Å"Death To America† do so while wearing Nike tennis shoes and t-shirts; Brazilians who curse George W. Bush nonetheless cheer for Madonna and Britney Spears; Turks who protest the ongoing occupation of Iraq may still stroll into a local McDonald’s for lunch; MTV reports 280 million subscribers throughout the world (Galeota, 2004). B. Hows and Whys In 1984, Harvard business professor Theodore Levitt warned that â€Å"the world’s needs and desires have been irrevocably homogenized,† adding that those companies that attempted to accommodate local tastes were â€Å"doomed to failure† (Galeota). II. The Means Today, with global travel and communication easy and quick, American Culture can be disseminated more widely and faster than ever. A. Marketing Images are everything. American corporations have been highly successful at portraying America as â€Å"The Land of the Cool† (Galeota, 2005). This results in an increasing demand for American goods, films and music. B. Communications The Internet has revolutionized communications, and because of forethought and planning, the U. S. has come to dominate the global traffic and marketplace of ideas and information. This has created a tremendous influence over the tastes and desires of people all over the world. III. How It Makes America Strong Darwinism is a fact of life, whether biological, social, or economic; only the strong survive. When the powers of Europe began staking their claims to overseas territories in order to feed their industries and expand their markets, the U. S. had a choice: stay out of the game and continue as a second-rate backwater, or get into the game and reach its full potential. U. S. power and prestige in the world owes a great deal to those visionary leaders who were willing to force open the medieval kingdom of Japan in 1854, to annex the Kingdom of Hawaii and seize Puerto Rico and the Phillipines when the opportunity was there. Today, America owes its incredible economic might to those leaders, who laid the foundations of Empire when Admirial Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay over 150 years ago. Conclusion: For better or worse, American culture is pre-eminent in the world today. Ultimately, this will be to the benefit to the entire world, ultimately making America a safer, more prosperous place. Works Cited Cohen, Nick. â€Å"This Comic Is No Laughing Matter: Michael Moore Is a Bestselling Author Not Only in the US, but Also in Britain, Japan, Germany, Australia and Many Other Countries. Has American Imperial Culturalism Taken over the Left as Well? † The New Statesman Vol. 132. Issue 4664. 17 November 2003, p. 23. Julia Galeota. â€Å"Cultural Imperialism: An American Tradition. † The Humanist. Vol. 64 Issue 3. May-June 2004, p. 22. Harper, Jennifer. â€Å"BBC Airs Global View of Americans; Many Foreigners Have Love-Hate Relationship With U. S. The Washington Times. 17 June 2003, p. AO8. Rothkopf, David. â€Å"In Praise of Cultural Imperialism. † Foreign Policy, No. 107. Summer 1997, p. 38

Woman Warrior Rhetorical Analysis Essay

In her postmodern autobiography. Woman Warrior. Maxine Hong Kingston narrates her life as a Chinese American fighting to happen her individuality in a place permeated by ambiguity. As Kingston matures. she comes to acknowledge the destructive nature of silence. and is able to joint the malignant cause and consequence relationship silence has on the single human mind every bit good as the well being of others. Kingston begins her autobiography by depicting silence as a double-edged blade. significance that while silence has the capableness to be used as a deathly arm. it is besides harmful to one that uses silence as a tool for censoring in an attempt to alter the yesteryear. In the first chapter of her autobiography titled â€Å"No Name Woman† . Kingston opens up to a scene between Kingston and her female parent. When the two of them are entirely. her female parent imparts a awful secret about Kingston’s Aunt’s unfaithfulness. so forces her girl to take a vow of silence. pressing her to ne'er talk of her Aunt or to even admit her being: â€Å" †¦they want me to take part in her penalty. And I have†¦the existent penalty was†¦the family’s intentionally burying about her† ( 16 ) . By declining to discourse Kingston’s Aunt. the household is efficaciously ending her being. but besides giving the awful secret more power. The memory of Kingston’s Aunt is so stigmatic that subject of sex is indefinable. and even the word â€Å"Aunt† has the possible to strike her male parent with wretchedness. coercing him to dig into his painful memories. This position of silence as formidable power reflects Kingston’s position as a immature. waxy young person. racked with trepidation about the universe around her. As Kingston grows into an independent grownup. she begins to see silence as an hindrance on her self-expression. and grows to see silence with bitterness instead than with fearful fear. In â€Å"A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe† . the concluding chapter of Kingston’s autobiography. Kingston describes her web with silence throughout childhood that restricted her creativeness and self-expression. In school. Kingston. holding been raised in a Chinese family. is unable to pass on with her English-speaking schoolmates. Therefore. Kingston comes to fear any signifier of socialisation. and quails from talking openly in forepart of the category or turn toing a instructor straight. In this province of ageless silence. Kingston begins to look up to those who are non struck with panic at the idea of pass oning with other human existences. â€Å"I liked the Negro students†¦best because they laughed the loudest and talked to me as if I were a make bolding speaker too† ( 166 ) . While Kingston grows to look up to the loud. surpassing misss at school. she deplores those who are quiet and timid. much like Kingston herself. Kingston deflects her defeats onto one miss in peculiar. and accosts the soundless miss in the bathroom after school. urgently seeking to coerce her to talk: â€Å"If you don’t speak you don’t have a personality. You’ll have no personality and no hair. You’ve got to allow people cognize you have a personality and a brain† ( 180 ) . Kingston’s pleadings with the soundless miss reflect Kingston’s interior anguish she has suffered at the custodies of digesting silence. The fact that Kingston finds likeness in the soundless miss heightens Kingston’s fierce hatred for her. but besides highlights her uncertainness about her ain individuality as she struggles to happen her ain voice that is being strangled by the steely clasp of silence. As an stripling. Kingston no longer adheres to hush: Kingston detests that silence has overcome her being. and is ready to arise against its oppressive nature. By the clip she is in late high school. Kingston feels suffocated by onerous silence. Diing to voice her ideas. Kingston grows progressively edgy. and has an explosive confrontation with her female parent: â€Å"My pharynx hurt invariably. vocal cords taut to snapping†¦I looked straight at my female parent and at my male parent and screamed†¦and all of a sudden I got really baffled and lonely because at that minute I was stating her my list. and in the relation. it grew†¦no hearer but myself† ( 201-204 ) . During the climatic statement with her female parent. Kingston casts off the silence adhering her. but she besides drives a cuneus between herself and her female parent. So much of Kingston’s paranoia subdivisions non from the silence imposed upon her. but from her inability to pass on her ain feelings. Contrary to Kingston’s belief. her female parent ne'er tried to get married her off to go a slave. and her household ne'er viewed her as stupid or ugly. With the adulthood of an grownup. Kingston is able to remember her memories non through word of oral cavity. but through utilizing her pen as a literary blade. By entering her confrontationwith her female parent with painstaking truth. Kingston portrays herself in an unflattering instead than in trying to reprimand her yesteryear. In maturity. Kingston has chooses a life of factualness instead than secrecy. and eventually casts the soundless sitting shade off of her thorax. Kingston’s germinating position of the power held by silence reflects her gradual ripening and her assurance in her ain abilities. At one point Kingston cowered in forepart of the mighty and reprobating power of silence. but as she learns to believe for herself. Kingston Rebels against the silence and embraces a life free of uncertainness. happening comfort in humdrum and truth. More significantly. Kingston finds the bravery to be honest about herself. ( instead than staying soundless about her ridicule of the deaf-and-dumb person miss and her acerb outburst directed towards her female parent ) and dedicates her memoir to composing. guaranting that her memory will ne'er be eradicated or erased with clip. Therefore Kingston proves that while one may seek to overcast the truth with silence. the mighty pen can rend off silence’s pretense and set the truth free.

Free Essays on Columbus Day

An Extra Day Off Sounds Nice â€Å"It is only radical or currently unfashionable ideas that the texts leave out- it is all ideas, including those of their heroes.† (FitzGerald) USF does not recognize a major holiday. A lot of schools do not recognize this holiday. This upsets and disappoints me. The holiday that I am speaking of is Columbus Day. My barber shop is not open, neither is my favorite liquor store. Why is my school still open? The reason is simply because many people see Christopher Columbus as a tyrant and do not think we should observe this holiday. If we are going to celebrate Presidents Day and Independence Day then why not celebrate Columbus Day. Our country can kill and it is justified, and Columbus killed yet it is some how frowned upon. I believe we need to respect and show thanks to the man that lead to our founding as country. Christopher Columbus set sail for the East Indies in the year 1492. â€Å"Columbus outfitted three pitifully small ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, and set forth from Spain.† (Lowen 39) This shows that Columbus did not set off on an easy voyage. It shows that we need to look at the hardships he went through to bring the new world to Spain. Whether or not he killed, raped, and pillaged the people he came across in the new world he still made it there and brought the news back to Spain. That is reason enough to respect and give thanks to him for me. I certainly would not have the guts to set sail into the unknown to find something that I might not reap the full benefits of. Some say, â€Å"Columbus did not even know for certain where he was going. Evidence says he was seeking Japan, India, and Indonesia.† (Loewn 55) This does not matter. Who cares where he thought he was going. He found a new land that had not been discovered and that land is the land where millions reside. People say if Columbus did not bring this news back to Spain someone else would have. That I agree wit... Free Essays on Columbus Day Free Essays on Columbus Day An Extra Day Off Sounds Nice â€Å"It is only radical or currently unfashionable ideas that the texts leave out- it is all ideas, including those of their heroes.† (FitzGerald) USF does not recognize a major holiday. A lot of schools do not recognize this holiday. This upsets and disappoints me. The holiday that I am speaking of is Columbus Day. My barber shop is not open, neither is my favorite liquor store. Why is my school still open? The reason is simply because many people see Christopher Columbus as a tyrant and do not think we should observe this holiday. If we are going to celebrate Presidents Day and Independence Day then why not celebrate Columbus Day. Our country can kill and it is justified, and Columbus killed yet it is some how frowned upon. I believe we need to respect and show thanks to the man that lead to our founding as country. Christopher Columbus set sail for the East Indies in the year 1492. â€Å"Columbus outfitted three pitifully small ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, and set forth from Spain.† (Lowen 39) This shows that Columbus did not set off on an easy voyage. It shows that we need to look at the hardships he went through to bring the new world to Spain. Whether or not he killed, raped, and pillaged the people he came across in the new world he still made it there and brought the news back to Spain. That is reason enough to respect and give thanks to him for me. I certainly would not have the guts to set sail into the unknown to find something that I might not reap the full benefits of. Some say, â€Å"Columbus did not even know for certain where he was going. Evidence says he was seeking Japan, India, and Indonesia.† (Loewn 55) This does not matter. Who cares where he thought he was going. He found a new land that had not been discovered and that land is the land where millions reside. People say if Columbus did not bring this news back to Spain someone else would have. That I agree wit...

Health, Safety, and Nutrition Worksheets for Kids

Health, Safety, and Nutrition Worksheets for Kids Nutrition, health, and safety are important topics to discuss with your children. Youll naturally discuss many facts about these subjects as you go about your daily life. However, spending some time focusing specifically on each can help children understand why their eating habits, hygiene, and exercise are vital to their overall well-being.   Additionally, talking about safety topics with your children helps to ensure that they know what to do in the event of an emergency or natural disaster.   Worksheets and coloring pages can make discussing these topics more engaging and easier to understand for young children. Use some of these free printable collections to guide or enhance your study of nutrition, health, and safety. Nutrition Worksheets Proper nutrition is an important part of a  healthy lifestyle. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), people should consume foods from the fruit, vegetable, grains, protein, and dairy groups every day for optimal health. The USDA suggests eating a variety of foods and limiting those with added sugar, sodium, and higher levels of saturated fats.   They may not be a students favorite topic, but fun printable worksheets about vegetables, which introduce children to a wide variety of veggies, can make learning better eating habits a bit more fun. So can following the USDAs recommendation to vary the way you eat vegetables. They suggest trying them raw, cooked, fresh, frozen, or canned. Roasting veggies in the oven or on the grill is a tasty treat, too! Dental Health Worksheets According to the American Dental Association (ADA), cavities remain the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood. Because they are so common, cavities may not seem like a big deal, but oral health is an important part of overall physical health. Poor oral health can increase a persons risk for health problems such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory infections, and certain types of cancer.   Use a fun set of  dental health  printables  to introduce your children to the basics of good oral hygiene. Some of the simplest ways to ensure good oral health include brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing, eating a healthy diet, and visiting your dentist regularly.   Physical Education Worksheets Physical Education  is vital to a students understanding of the benefits of an active lifestyle. A good PE program will teach kids about health, physical fitness, and the importance of regular physical activity. One option for teaching PE is an  online physical education  course. Other options may include combining a personal health course with individual or team athletics to ensure that students remain active.   Individual sports may include golf, gymnastics, skateboarding, or swimming. Other sports such as tennis, badminton, and volleyball can also be played with only one or two players on each team. Kids may also enjoy getting active with team sports such as baseball, softball, basketball, or hockey. Safety Worksheets It can be frightening to think about emergencies and natural disasters, but knowing what to do in the event of such a situation can save lives. According to the American Red Cross, children under the age of five are twice as likely as other people to die in a house fire. It is important to teach children fire precautions as well as what to do in the event of a fire. Combine  fire prevention worksheets  that  introduce  terms such as fire drill and escape route with other tools to teach children potentially life-saving fire safety tips. These tips should include stop, drop, and roll if a childs clothing catches on fire and where to go in the event of a fire. Have an escape plan in place and practice it at least twice a year.   Teach your children what your homes fire alarms sound like, how to call 911, and the importance of going to fire fighters and getting and staying out of the house if there is a fire. Its also important to teach your children what to do in the event of a natural disaster based on what is most likely in your area of the country. Your children may need to know what to do in the event of a hurricane, tornado, or earthquake. For example, you might use a free set of  earthquake worksheets  to learn more about where earthquakes typically happen, what causes them and what safety steps to take if an earthquake strikes. Updated by Kris Bales

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Marketing - Essay Example In additional, traditional techniques such as billboards and catalogues are also recommended. Apart from that modern techniques such as social media advertisement, in store promotion are also recommended pt the company. With such approaches it is expected that Trung Nguyen will be able to reach a good position in UK coffee industry. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 The plan 5 Conclusion 11 Appendix 12 Bibliography 14 Introduction It has been recommended that a strategy of franchising is undertaken in importing Vietnamese coffee to the UK market. The prime intention is operate effectively in the UK market and pursue development and focus strategy. On the basis of this a promotional plan has been developed which considers the use of different type of promotional activities such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations and sponsorships. It has been suggested that the in UK market promotional activities such as advertising in magazines and newspapers, broadca sting advertising including television, radio, billboards and catalogues are useful. In addition, it was also suggested that the company should also use social networking websites to promote the product in the UK market. Furthermore, Trung Nguyen Coffee also intends to influence and persuade buy their offerings through premium and discounts coupons, offering samples to show the distinct advantages of fresh coffee and a website that provides information about the company (Trung Nguyen Company, 2013). It is believed that the suggested strategy almost covers all the aspects of marketing and if properly implemented can provide the company with good results. Hence, the recommend strategy is accepted and a promotional plan for the same will be developed through this project. This study will now present a promotional plan which is to be undertaken by Trung Nguyen to promote their product. The promotional plan is responsible for creating awareness about Vietnamese coffee. Hence for this pur pose, this paper will first shed light on the target market for the product and will also underline the way of promoting, selling and distributing the product. A SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time bound) objective will be also developed to ensure effective implementation of the promotional plan. Furthermore, a rough budget and a timeline for the entire promotional plan will be developed. Lastly, an overall conclusion will be drawn. The plan Target Market It is essential to define the target market clearly in order to develop an effective promotional plan (Hollensen, 2007). It was recommended to the company that they should target niche market segment, especially because other established players such as Starbucks, Costa and Nestle are highly competitive. Moreover, being a new player, it will be difficult for the company to compete with them on a large scale. This is the reason why the company is recommended to cater to specific sections of the society. Trung Ng uyen has been recommended with two different target segments. The first one is people who work and study like wringing professional, students and the second group is the coffee lovers. Target Group 1 Students and Working Professions Target Group 2 Coffee Lovers Product Distribution The distribution of products is another important activity of marketing. There are number of cases where a good product has failed sustain in the market due to poor

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Poverty - Essay Example In order to be able to give an objective solution to the problem of world poverty, it is imperative to first look at the causes of world poverty. It is by eliminating the causes of world poverty that we will decisively solve the problem of world poverty. One of the main causes of world poverty especially in the third world, where children are dying of hunger is mainly corruption and mismanagement of national resources. This therefore means that in order to offer a long term solution to the problem of extreme poverty in some countries of the world, corruption should first be eliminated. With the elimination of corruption and good management of national resources, it is possible to drastically reduce the high levels of poverty in the world, thus preventing death of innocent children from hunger. Instead of proposing a concrete way of ending corruption and mismanagement of national resources as a mean of fighting world poverty, Singer argues that even with corruption and embezzlement of funds donated by the rich people for the starving children, with the contribution of approximately $200 by the wealthy Americans will be enough to feed the poor starving children in the world. However, although these funds indeed can help significantly in feeding the poor starving children, thus preventing them from dying, the donated funds will not give a long term solution to the problem of world poverty and world hunger. Singer’s solution to world hunger, therefore, offers only a short-term solution to world hunger and the short term solution cannot rid the world of poverty and hunger. The best way to fight world poverty and world hunger is to eliminate corruption, which is one of the main causes of world hunger and starvation of poor innocent children. Secondly, the solution offered by Singer in fighting world poverty can even aggravate

Information System Risk Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information System Risk Management Paper - Essay Example Threats to an organization can be both from internal sources and external. While the motives may vary, the system is vulnerable to several risks. This paper will examine the vulnerabilities, the potential threats and the levels of security that could help mitigate the risks and allow uninterrupted workflow. Risk has been defined as the chance of exposure to the adverse consequences of future events (Egbuji, 1999). The likelihood and consequences have to be understood to provide for the right security measures. For a risk to be understandable, according to the Software Engineering Institute (SEI, 2006) of Carnegie Mellon University, it must be expressed clearly. This also implies that possible losses must be identified. Risks have to be assessed continuously and used for decision-making. In the field of computer technology and the information systems, technology enhancement is an ongoing process, which further necessitates continuous risk assessment. Besides, the losses due to lack of security controls could be in the areas of production, revenue, damaged reputation, and financial performance. Benefits of proper security measures could result in enhanced operational efficiency and competitive advantages (Kim, 2006). An organization must invest in IS security and know where to cut corner s. They should be able to spell the difference between security success and disaster (Gupta and Hammond, 2006). According to SEI, seven principles provide the framework to establish effective risk management. These include having a global perspective, the system should be at par with the larger systems, forward-looking view that is identifying and anticipating uncertainties, open communication – information and communication at all levels should be free flowing, integrated – risk management should be a vital and an integrated part of management, continuous – regular upgradation and constant vigil, shared product vision – having common purpose, shared

Exploration Missions on Mars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploration Missions on Mars - Essay Example Exploration Missions on Mars In the contemporary world, there have been numerous missions and these have included the Mars Odyssey, the Mars Express, the Mars Exploration Rovers, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiters and the Mars Science Laboratories. They have been developed to ensure that further knowledge of the planet is increased and this to such an extent that there is contemplation concerning sending a manned mission to Mars. This report seeks to show the extent to which the recent missions to Mars, especially within the twenty first century, have increased human knowledge concerning this planet and whether they have been successes. The Mars Odyssey mission is one of the most important in the twenty first century because it was the first successful mission to be launched in the new millennium. The orbiter involved in this mission reached the orbit of Mars in 2001 where it was able, through its gamma ray spectrometer, to detect a significant amount of hydrogen on the Martian surface, which allowed scientists to speculate that there, must be large amounts of water on the planet in the form of ice (Boynton et al, 2004,). Furthermore, its Phoenix lander was instrumental in confirming that Mars indeed had water and that this would allow for the conditions necessary to sustain life. It is essential to note that it was through this mission that scientists were able to determine were able to confirm the presence of water on the planet in the form of ice and it allowed for there to develop speculation concerning whether the ice ever thawed.

How Biofuels Benefit the Economy Research Paper

How Biofuels Benefit the Economy - Research Paper Example Production of biofuel is an advantage to the economy because it helps the economy in different aspects (Environmental and Water Resources Institute U.S. 3). It is a cleaner source of energy compared to the other sources for instance the petroleum sources. This indicates that the environmental concerns are taken care of and the health of individuals is not at risk. Many people spend a lot of their income by paying for their health facilities but, with the use of biofuels, one is able to save the amount of money he or she earns. The saved funds can be channeled to other uses among them investment, a situation that would have otherwise not occurred. Health care provisions to cater for complexities that result from forms of energy used are expensive. On the same note, meeting health care insurance premiums may prove difficult because the insurance firms often deny covers to people with pre-existing conditions. Making the right choices of energy; in this case biofuels rules out such occur rences. When compared to other conventional sources of energy, biofuels are the best because they offer cleaner gases than the rest (Yeo 52). The economic benefits of biofuels fall into two categories. They are the benefits which outsmart the fuel production by fossil fuels and the economic benefits that establish a viable and sustainable biofuels industry which uplifts the developing countries (Worldwatch Institute 132). Whichever the case, the benefits of biofuels in the economy cannot be refuted. It is important to note that challenges and opposition have been raised against the use if this type of fuel. However, the central point of argument revolves around what biofuels will do for the economy. The economy is not a stand-alone aspect in the context of this analysis. Both social and environmental aspects fall into place in the evaluation of the benefits of biofuels. The government also must be accounted for, given the fact that it plays a central role in determining the pace of economic growth and development. All these factors are therefore intertwined, and the benefits of biofuels to the economy are felt across all the aspects identified. Energy security for countries like the United States which uses a lot of energy annually is safe from expensive purchase of oil as an energy source from other foreign companies. This is because reliance on imports makes the country suffer a great deal of its income by purchasing a commodity they can produce, given the resources available in the country. The economy of the country hence preserved for taking care of other concerns in the country (Keystone BioFuels Inc.). What this means for an economy that uses biofuels is that, domestic capacity utilization is maximized, thereby triggering high economic performance. Resource allocation to the energy sector is undercut, allowing for increased allocations to other sectors of the economy that previously received lesser allocations in a bid to finance fuel importation. First generation biofuels save up to sixty percent of carbon emissions, which are a, risk to the environment and health art large. The second generation biofuels save up to eighty percent of carbon emissions, which reduces the, health risks by a great percentage. Economy benefits greatly from the biofuels because they create an expansion of more job opportunities (Environmental and Water Resources Institute U.S. 3). Due to this technological advancement country has wanted to

Bananas - description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bananas - description - Research Paper Example Conclusion Thesis Statement Various varieties of bananas exist in different parts of the world offering nutritional value at an affordable price. Bananas are fruits available throughout the year in tropical countries, and they come in different varieties, shapes, and colors. Bananas grow from a rhizome, stretch through a thick stem and develop flowers (â€Å"banana†). The varieties of use make banana one of the most valued crops in the world. The fruit’s nutritional value and relatively low price make it an attractive export product for countries in Southeast Asia, South America, and East Africa (Morton 37). This essay describes the taxonomy, characteristics, varieties, and food uses of bananas. In addition, the essay will give comparison and contrasts of â€Å"bananas are good for health†, versus â€Å"bananas are bad for health.† Taxonomy Bananas come from the genus Musa of the family â€Å"Musaceae† (â€Å"banana†), and the seedless, edibl e ones come from the â€Å"species M. acuminata Colla or the hybrid M. X paradisiaca L.† (Morton 30). The different species of banana provide a clue to the fruit’s geographical origins, usually found in countries with tropical climates like Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Having various hybrids further expands the fruit’s varieties and ensures continuous cultivation and propagation. Varieties The classification of bananas occurs into two principal groups namely Sucrier and Gros Michel. The Cavendish subgroup includes the Giant Cavendish, the Dwarf Cavendish, and Bungulan (Morton 35). Predominantly found in Colombia, the Philippines, and Burma, bananas from the Sucrier group are small in size, sweet, with thin skin (Morton 35). Bananas from the Sucrier group are readily consumable due to their size and taste; people use them in dessert recipes. The Gros Michel group produces bananas that are larger than the ones in the Sucrier group, are yellow in color, and usuall y found in South America, Central Africa, and the Caribbean (Morton 36). The Cavendish subgroup includes the Giant and Dwarf Cavendish, and the Bungulan (Morton37). Medium-sized, thin-skinned, and delicate, the Dwarf Cavendish, grows in China, East Africa, and South Africa. The Giant Cavendish is larger than the Dwarf Cavendish and closely resembles the Gros Michel (Morton 37). Ripening unevenly during the winter and prone to quick spoilage, Jamaicans mostly use the Bungulan for cooking. (Morton 38). Food uses The uses of bananas for food are as diverse as the available varieties and hybrids. A banana may be eaten when raw, peeled, sliced, or mixed with other fruits. Biting the soft, starchy flesh of a banana results in bursts of sweetness or undertones of tanginess. When added in dessert recipes, a banana’s flavor and mushy texture harmonize with the more crunchy and soft ingredients. Broiled or baked, ripe bananas can be served with peanuts and brown sugar (Morton 41). Fina lly, to preserve a banana, it can be boiled and immersed in a syrup mixture or fried in canola oil and served like potato chips. Nutritional Value In addition to the various food uses of the banana, this fruit possesses â€Å"high nutritional value† (â€Å"Banana†). As a healthy fruit, banana occupies a significant place in the food level pyramid. Regardless of the manner of consuming a banana, the flavorful, sweet, and starchy fruit is â€Å"full of vitamins† (â€Å"banana†). Low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium, raw bananas are an abundant source of potassium, fiber, and Vitamin B6 (Morton 43). Long, short,

Exploration Missions on Mars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploration Missions on Mars - Essay Example Exploration Missions on Mars In the contemporary world, there have been numerous missions and these have included the Mars Odyssey, the Mars Express, the Mars Exploration Rovers, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiters and the Mars Science Laboratories. They have been developed to ensure that further knowledge of the planet is increased and this to such an extent that there is contemplation concerning sending a manned mission to Mars. This report seeks to show the extent to which the recent missions to Mars, especially within the twenty first century, have increased human knowledge concerning this planet and whether they have been successes. The Mars Odyssey mission is one of the most important in the twenty first century because it was the first successful mission to be launched in the new millennium. The orbiter involved in this mission reached the orbit of Mars in 2001 where it was able, through its gamma ray spectrometer, to detect a significant amount of hydrogen on the Martian surface, which allowed scientists to speculate that there, must be large amounts of water on the planet in the form of ice (Boynton et al, 2004,). Furthermore, its Phoenix lander was instrumental in confirming that Mars indeed had water and that this would allow for the conditions necessary to sustain life. It is essential to note that it was through this mission that scientists were able to determine were able to confirm the presence of water on the planet in the form of ice and it allowed for there to develop speculation concerning whether the ice ever thawed.

Bananas - description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bananas - description - Research Paper Example Conclusion Thesis Statement Various varieties of bananas exist in different parts of the world offering nutritional value at an affordable price. Bananas are fruits available throughout the year in tropical countries, and they come in different varieties, shapes, and colors. Bananas grow from a rhizome, stretch through a thick stem and develop flowers (â€Å"banana†). The varieties of use make banana one of the most valued crops in the world. The fruit’s nutritional value and relatively low price make it an attractive export product for countries in Southeast Asia, South America, and East Africa (Morton 37). This essay describes the taxonomy, characteristics, varieties, and food uses of bananas. In addition, the essay will give comparison and contrasts of â€Å"bananas are good for health†, versus â€Å"bananas are bad for health.† Taxonomy Bananas come from the genus Musa of the family â€Å"Musaceae† (â€Å"banana†), and the seedless, edibl e ones come from the â€Å"species M. acuminata Colla or the hybrid M. X paradisiaca L.† (Morton 30). The different species of banana provide a clue to the fruit’s geographical origins, usually found in countries with tropical climates like Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Having various hybrids further expands the fruit’s varieties and ensures continuous cultivation and propagation. Varieties The classification of bananas occurs into two principal groups namely Sucrier and Gros Michel. The Cavendish subgroup includes the Giant Cavendish, the Dwarf Cavendish, and Bungulan (Morton 35). Predominantly found in Colombia, the Philippines, and Burma, bananas from the Sucrier group are small in size, sweet, with thin skin (Morton 35). Bananas from the Sucrier group are readily consumable due to their size and taste; people use them in dessert recipes. The Gros Michel group produces bananas that are larger than the ones in the Sucrier group, are yellow in color, and usuall y found in South America, Central Africa, and the Caribbean (Morton 36). The Cavendish subgroup includes the Giant and Dwarf Cavendish, and the Bungulan (Morton37). Medium-sized, thin-skinned, and delicate, the Dwarf Cavendish, grows in China, East Africa, and South Africa. The Giant Cavendish is larger than the Dwarf Cavendish and closely resembles the Gros Michel (Morton 37). Ripening unevenly during the winter and prone to quick spoilage, Jamaicans mostly use the Bungulan for cooking. (Morton 38). Food uses The uses of bananas for food are as diverse as the available varieties and hybrids. A banana may be eaten when raw, peeled, sliced, or mixed with other fruits. Biting the soft, starchy flesh of a banana results in bursts of sweetness or undertones of tanginess. When added in dessert recipes, a banana’s flavor and mushy texture harmonize with the more crunchy and soft ingredients. Broiled or baked, ripe bananas can be served with peanuts and brown sugar (Morton 41). Fina lly, to preserve a banana, it can be boiled and immersed in a syrup mixture or fried in canola oil and served like potato chips. Nutritional Value In addition to the various food uses of the banana, this fruit possesses â€Å"high nutritional value† (â€Å"Banana†). As a healthy fruit, banana occupies a significant place in the food level pyramid. Regardless of the manner of consuming a banana, the flavorful, sweet, and starchy fruit is â€Å"full of vitamins† (â€Å"banana†). Low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium, raw bananas are an abundant source of potassium, fiber, and Vitamin B6 (Morton 43). Long, short,

The French government Before 1879 Essay Example for Free

The French government Before 1879 Essay The French government had many problems financially and politically before 1789 that built up over a number of years and a number of monarchs. The problems stemmed from a growing disorder in the finances, aristocratic privileges, new revolutionary philosophies, power struggles, and a weak monarch. Due to lengthy and very costly wars, Louis XIV and Louis XV played a big hand in bankrupting France. The French had suffered big defeats and therefore had lost men and supplies. They also failed to gain any territory. France suffered defeat in the Seven Years War against Britain, had its army crushed by the Prussians and was unsuccessfully involved in the American War in an attempt to seek revenge on Britain. It was not only these extravagant costs of very unsuccessful wars, but Frances whole financial system was extremely inefficient. At the forefront of the system were ministers. During the American War, Jacques Necker was made Director-General of Finance because of his ability to obtain loans for use in paying for the war. Necker did this successfully, but he lied about Frances financial surplus and had everyone believing that France could spend money when, in reality, it was in huge debt, and therefore he allowed Ministers of War to spend non-existent money. Due to this, debts just continued to mount unknowingly to the rest of France, and around fifty percent of income was needed to pay for interests on loans and money spent. Necker was dismissed in 1781 and the politics and efficiency of the French financial system was unstable for years after that, with ministers resigning or being released, and the parlements even being exiled from Paris and government paralysed which led to the reformation of the Estates General that produced the cahiers list of complaints towards the king. The French Government desperately needed to introduce tax reform into its system. The clergy were exempt from all taxes; the nobles paid little tax and all the taxes were placed on the bourgeoisie and peasantry. But only taxing the Third Estate was very inefficient and could not contribute enough to the French Governments budgets. If this were to continue the deficit would only increase, but the Government had three main problems preventing  the introduction of tax reform. Firstly the tax collection system was poorly run and inefficient as the government allowed private companies to collect taxes, and so not all the money was collected or not all of it reached the treasury. Perhaps if the First and Second Estate were taxed, the problem of inefficient tax collection would not have mattered as much. But another problem was that the nobles were determined not to give up their tax privileges. This caused a great problem for the king, who because he was weak, allowed the nobles to influence him in dismissing any ministers, such as Brienne, that were pushing for tax reform. It was not just a case of further increasing the taxes placed on the Third Estate either to help decrease the deficit, as the bourgeoisie and peasants were also disgruntled due to the large amount of taxes that they already had to pay. The peasants increasingly found it almost impossible to pay these taxes, leaving the majority of France in dismay. The French government also faced many political problems, not just within the financial system as relates to the ministers and rising deficit, but the politics of the whole country was being challenged. All sections of French society, particularly the Third Estate, were becoming increasingly unhappy. But in the time leading up to 1789, they discovered that they could actually make a difference and challenge government, as revolutionary mentality began to set in and the Ancien Regime was cracking at its foundations. This happened for a number of reasons. In the late 1780s there was a growth in trade and industry within town life. This new growth led to problems within the Ancien Regime. Business expanded and so prices gradually rose. This did not help the aristocracy whose incomes were fixed, but it was the bourgeoisie who largely profited from this growth and they became wealthier and more powerful. This also made the bourgeoisie view the current tax system more unfavourably as it meant using their money and profit to pay tax that they could be using to expand business. This also backs up that revolutions take place at times when the economy is getting better. There was not just growth in business within the bourgeoisie, but also growth  in ideology. This was sparked by The Enlightenment that was taking place in France as a result of revolutionary thinkers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot, who heavily advertised liberality and attacked the government and Church. One thing that they were encouraging was free trade that would have appealed greatly to the bourgeoisie businessmen. As a result of The Enlightenment, the Third Estate were now willing to speak up about their criticism of divine right, the class system, privileges, and the lack of liberal rights, and there were more and more pamphlets being published. But perhaps the biggest political problem in France was its king. In a country where the monarch had absolute power, it needed to be a strong person, but Louis XVI was not a strong person. He was not able to prevent The Enlightenment or the Estates General. He had his people against him, making strong demands that would entirely turn around French politics. After highlighting the financial and political problems facing the French government before 1789, we can see that the problems began with the cost of wars over a number of years, made worse by the misleadings of Jacques Necker, and the inefficient tax system. These long-term financial problems led to the political problems, which also disallowed any tax reform. The bourgeoisie and the peasantry, with the aid of The Enlightenment, criticised the tax system and became less and less able and willing to pay taxes. The nobles did not pay all taxes and so the bourgeoisie resented the privileges of the nobles, but the main link between both financial and political problems is the king. He played part in the mounting deficit, ran an unstable government, and he did not want to annoy the nobility and therefore tax reform could never take place. All these factors combined helped to break down the Ancien Regime and push revolution.

Gene Therapy for Haemophiliacs

Gene Therapy for Haemophiliacs Introduction The main goal of gene therapy is to replace a mutating gene that causes disease, with a healthy copy of the gene or inserting a new gene into the body to help fight the particular disease. In addition, gene therapy is a promising treatment option for a number of diseases such as inherited disorders, different types of cancer and viral diseases. (Samuel Murphy, 2008) Nonetheless, the technique is still under tests, for the reason that it stays risky. According to Professor Nathwani, there is no confirmation of any side effects in patients who already have been treated with gene therapy, still, long-term-follow-up for the adults patients is required before the therapy can be approved for children. Gene therapy is currently only being tested for untreatable diseases. The most challenging one for the gene therapy is Haemophilia. It is yet not accomplished, however there is a significant progress of improvement. (National Library of Medicine, 2016). Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder resulted from low functional blood levels which slow down the blood thickening (clotting). Individuals with this condition experience prolonged bleeding during surgery, after a bad injury or even after they had a tooth pulled out. In very few cases of Haemophilia, prolonged bleeding occurs after minor trauma or in absence of any. In situations like this, bleeding into the brain, joints, or other internal organs could cause serious complications (National Library of Medicine, 2012). Haemophilia overview, diagnosis and treatment options There are two principle types of Haemophilia A and B. Haemophilia A, additionally called, factor VIII, is a hereditary disorder caused by the absent or defective factor VIII (clotting protein). (National Haemophilia Foundation, no date). Haemophilia B, likewise, called factor IX (Christmas disease) is a hereditary disorder caused by the absent or defective factor IX (also a clotting protein), approximately 1/3 of the cases, in both types, are caused by a spontaneous change in a gene. The X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The haemophilia gene is carried in the X chromosome. Males have XY chromosomes, X from their mother and Y from their father. Females have two X chromosomes, one from their mother and one from their father. In this case, if a boy has haemophilia gene in his X chromosome from his mother, he will have haemophilia. However, fathers cannot pass haemophilia to their sons. At the point when a female has haemophilia gene on only one of her X chromosomes, impli es as a carrier and can only pass the disease to her children. (National Haemophilia Foundation, no date). Haemophilia is more common in males than females. Nowadays, 1 in 5000 males worldwide are born each year with Haemophilia A and approximately 1 in 20 000 with Haemophilia B.(National Library of Medicine, 2012). The most convenient way to diagnose Haemophilia is to find out if the disease is in the family history, then it would be very possible for the new-born to be infected as well. The other ways to diagnose the disease is to do blood tests to determine any missing clotting factors or low levels, and which ones are causing the problem, and DNA test, which is looking for mutations who cause the haemophilia and eventually compare it to the carrier (parents). The main treatment for haemophilia is called replacement therapy (gene therapy), involves injecting missing clotting factor proteins into the affected persons bloodstream. These proteins help to repair normal blood clotting but often the therapy must be repeated frequently (Hemophilia Federation of America, no date). Gene therapys future Over the past 15 years an empowering data from successful trials on animals and humans have finally resulted incredible accomplishment in patients with severe Haemophilia A and B. Researches from the University College London and St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital organised a team to investigate a potential gene therapy improvement. The investigation was focused on 6 males with severe Haemophilia B. All patients received one-time intravenous infusions of the gene vector at different doses. As indicated by the review, the men were producing clotting factor IX at less than 1% of normal levels. After the gene therapy each patient was tested and the result showed a significant improvement factor IX at between 2% and 11% of normal levels. According to the scientists, gene therapy would enhance the outcomes significantly more after proceeded regular therapy. (National Institutes of Health, 2011). Most recently in 2016 another experiment took place, made by BioMarin. The case included 8 patients with severe form of Haemophilia A. The released information was demonstrated that 2 high dose patients had an increased levels of Factor VIII above 50 percent. Every one of the patients received a single dose of BMN 270 (new investigational drug), 6 of whom have been treated at the highest dose of 61013 vg/kg. The full treatment lasted up to four months. After the last observation, according to the researchers, the highest dose levels of experienced increasing Factor VIII ranged between 4 and 60 percent. All high dose patients had a significant improvement. Also, according to the World Federation of Haemophilia, factor levels were variating in the normal ranges. However, there was a slight problem with some of the patients. BioMarin noticed that some patients had expanded liver enzyme levels (because of the long period of the therapy), prophylactic corticosteroid therapy was given and according to the company, the enzyme levels dropped back to normal. (Ben Adams, 2016). Third significant test included clinical trials managed by Professor Amit Nathwani of University College London and demonstrated an actual hope for haemophilia B patients. In this experiment, each patient received one of three doses of a gene therapy vector to deliver the genetic material for making Factor IX. Factor IX levels increased in all individuals with severe haemophilia B, the following gene therapy remained stable and lasted for more than 4 years. Amazing results and incredible improvement. Moreover, the six patients who received the highest gene therapy dose, remained high blood-clotting protein levels from less than one percent of normal to five or more, which reduced the spontaneous bleeding to 90 percent. According to Professor Nathwani, the unimaginable outcomes permitted the patients to live ordinary life and eventually practice their favourite sport without the need for Factor IX replacement therapy or any daily medication. (New England Journal of Medicine, 2011). Th e following graphs are showing the gained results from the experiment: Figure 1. Factor IX activity after gene transfer (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2014) Figure 2. Number of annual bleeding episodes (The New England Journal of Medicine, 2014)         Ã‚   Both of the graphs are demonstrating the improvement in each patient. Scientists do numerous trials, experiments and researches each day to develop the gene therapy technique. Many evidences of clinical efficacy are currently observed, more work is accomplished and more researches are made. Gene therapy has guaranteed the advantage to those who suffer from Haemophilia, however, this advantage has not been acknowledged yet due to the fact that this field is still young. Although, the majority of the taken experiments and their results are quite encouraging and for the past twenty years numerous trials demonstrated significant improvement in the patients (Christopher Doeing, 2009). Besides, the possibility of gene therapy treatment holds great hopes and has been successfully used to cure some diseases, however, the technique is still under research to make sure it will be safe and effective in the future with no life threatening side effects. It is believed that the gene therapy will l ead to patients having rare bleeding episodes or even begin producing their own clotting factor. Therefore, more experiments have to be done and researches should take care for future side effects or inherited disorders (Mark Derewicz, 2015). All the recent examples of severe haemophilia and the incredible improved process toward a cure showed how much potential this technique has. Is it going to be the next treatment of choice? In my opinion, yes. The ability to insert a foreign gene into the body, and make it possible to approach a new treatment or the ability to control one of the most dangerous human diseases, is one of the first steps to complete success. According to Jack McCain, in 1990 Dr. Anderson carried the first gene therapy trial and cured a hereditary disease of the immune system in a 4-year-old-girl. Today, the patient is still alive and doing very well. This medical case along with the analyses stated above, prove that gene therapy one day can become a staple of 21st century medicine (Jack McCain, 2005). Conclusion According to Graham Templeton, gene therapy researchers have invested decades to develop this amazing technique. Nowadays, gene therapy can be life-changing for many people around the world. For the past 50 years new technologies have been used to control bleeding disorders, however gene therapy offers the possibility of a cure. As stated, gene therapy might be the next sensational discovery for a treatment not only for haemophilia but cancer, other inherited disorders or even HIV (Graham Templeton, 2016). For the past few decades scientists had some successful developments such as: discovering new treatments, inventing new techniques to investigate particular diseases, however the most important one is to be able to treat untreatable diseases, and according to all the experiments stated above, gene therapy is a promising technique, not only for correcting defects, but also for treating cancer and other harmful diseases. More work needs to be done before gene therapy can become a tre atment of choice and this may take another decade until scientists are completely sure that there will be no harmful effects by choosing this technique as a possible cure of Haemophilia.

Autobiography Essay -- Personal Narrative

I am divorced and the father of 3 children. I grew up in a farm community in North Carolina, and when I was 15, my family moved to Lexington, South Carolina. I attended City High School, taking classes that concentrated on Electrical and Electronic Engineering and math. I also played football from the third grade until I graduated high school. During my Junior and Senior years of high school, I also worked part time for an industrial electrical company. I learned a great deal about life in those years. Most teenagers my age were attending parties or working at the local grocery store. I, however, was working 30 or so hours a week installing electrical motors, 3 phase lighting, and 480 volt transformers. Once I graduated from high school, my parents wanted me to go to college. I decided that instead of having them pay for it, I would take care of the financial costs my own way: by joining the United States Army and utilizing the Montgomery G.I. Bill for college. I took the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and scored in the top 5% for my class year. What this meant for me was that the recruiters were beating down my door. The U.S. Army made the best offer by laying a book down in front of me and telling me I could pick any job I wanted. I chose wireless communications, because I knew that in 1994, wireless phones, which in those days were the bag phones, were going to be around for a long time, and it was a new technology that had a lot of growing to do. I left for Basic Combat Training (BCT) on November 29th, 1994. I spent the next 10 months in BCT and Advanced Individual Training (AIT). I learned everything there is to know about wireless communications. I graduated AIT at the top of my class an... ... was stabbed recently by a homeless man that I tried to help, and instead of getting a thank you, I got a shank between the 10th and 11th ribs. I am one of those people that has a 5, 10, and 25 year plan. Within 5 years I plan to finish my Master’s Degree and move into a director position within Verizon Wireless. Within 10 years I plan to continue my career and help others under me reach their goals so that they, too, can be what they want themselves to be. Within 25 years I plan to partially retire, start my own small company and contract my services out to the wireless companies in the United States. At this point I would begin to travel more and see the world. I have led an exciting and full life in my thirty-or-so years. I have a lot to show for what I have learned and what I have done. Finishing my degree can only add to what I have already accomplished

Henry A. Murray: Personology Essay -- essays research papers fc

Henry A. Murray: Personology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personology is the science of people. It is used to interpret and organize the lives of humans. The central ideas of the science must be to â€Å"understanding of what we mean by the concept â€Å"person,† and for development of methods of understanding the lives of persons as the â€Å"long unit for psychology†Ã¢â‚¬  (Barresi & Juckes 1988 pg 1). It is important to take accounts when studying personology from first person perspective instead of a third person perspective. Henry A. Murray believed that personality psychology had to deal with the life course of person and came up with the word â€Å"personology† (Barresi & Juckes 1988). He developed the phrase because he felt that personality psychology was an â€Å"unwieldy† phrase. Personology means the study of â€Å"single, complex, lived lives over time, from a variety of different angles† (â€Å"Psychobiography: Personality†). Henry A. Murray was born in New York City in 1893 to a wealthy family with and older sister and younger brother. During his childhood he traveled in Europe, spent summers in Long Island, and attended New England Prep school. Murray went to college at Harvard University. He majored in History but he was a poor student. Although he was a poor student he participated in Athletics which include football, rowing, and boxing. Murray suffered from being cross-eyed and having a stutter so he used sports to compensate for it. Murray attended Columbia College and received M. A. in Biology at the age of 26. In 1919 he was number one in his class. He became a teacher of physiology at Harvard University. He did a 2 year internship at the New York Presbyterian Hospital doing Embriology with chicken eggs. In 1927 at the age of 33 he received his Ph. D in Biochemistry from Cambridge. In 1923 Murray read young and was first introduced to psychology. He was bored with his study of eggs and began to ex plore personality. During that time at Cambridge Murray spent met and spent three weeks with Jung, and was even analyzed by Jung. Murray was impressed by Jung’s intelligence. In 1927 Murray became the Assistant Director of the Harvard Psychological Clinic. During the time of World War II he was involved with the office of strategic services, training and selection, espionage, and the secret service. Murray is best known for what he calls â€Å"personology† and coming up with the... ...ue to make advancements in the field of psychology. Works Cited Barresi, J., & Juckes, J.T.(1988). The Personology and the Narrative Interpretation of Lives. Retrieved April 10, 2005, from http:// www.beyondutopia.net/leadership-lectures/tomkins-2.pdf Henry A. Murray: A Study of Lives (n.d.). Retrieved April 10, 2005, from http://www.psych.westminster.edu/psy311/murray/ppframe.htm Henry A. Murray Research Center of Radcliffe. APS Observer. Retrieved April 9, 2005, from http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/0102/db2.html Henry Murray: Personology(n.d.) Retrieved April 9, 2005, from http://www. Uwm.edu/People/hynan/407/407MURRA.html. Geriatrics.2005. Personality and psychopathology in late life:1998. Retrieved April 13, 2005, from Proquest database. Murray Research Center(n.d.) Retrieved April 10, 2005,from http://www.radcliffe.edu/murray_redirect/ Psychoanalytic Inquire.(2005). Autobiographical Reflections on the Intersubjective History of an Intersubjective Perspective in Psychoanalysis:2004. Retrieved April 13, 2005, from Proquest database. Psychobiography: Personology(n.d.). Retrieved April 9, 2005, from http://www.psychobiography.com/personology.html.